A nonparametric procedure for analyzing repeated measures of spatially correlated data

Many agricultural, biological, and environmental studies involve detecting temporal changes of a response variable, based on data observed at sampling sites in a spatial region and repeatedly over several time points. That is, data are repeated measures over time and are potentially correlated across space. The traditional repeated-measures analysis allows for time dependence but assumes that the observations at different sampling sites are mutually independent, which may not be suitable for field data that are correlated across space. In this paper, a nonparametric large-sample inference procedure is developed to assess the time effects while accounting for the spatial dependence using a block bootstrap. For illustration, the methodology is applied to describe the population changes of root-lesion nematodes over time in a production field in Wisconsin.     

芜湖市郊土壤污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响

研究表明，芜湖市郊农田土壤动物群落的组成与数量随污染程度的加重而减少，土壤动物密度也呈同样的变化趋势，特别是中小型土壤动物，优势类群数量发生较大消长，常见类群和稀有类群的组成逐渐减少．多样性指数H与重金属污染程度之间关系因受到季节的影响而变得复杂：冬季和初夏污染较重样地优势类群数量减少，群落均匀性指数E增加而优势度指数C减小，多样性指数H较高；而春季处于过渡阶段，某些类群(如螨类)数量爆发，C增高，H较小．土壤动物群落密度一类群指数DG随污染加重而减小．受到重金属污染的农田土壤动物的表聚性减弱，甚至出现逆分布现象．图1表4参15     

中国东部季风区末次冰期以来古气候模拟

通过对我国东部季风区现代青土样品孢粉组合与气候因子间的回归分析,分别建立了孢粉组合与一月,七月气温和年降水量的转换函数,进而建立了本区末次冰期以来的孢粉－气候数据库,模拟末次冰期盛冰期,消冰期,全新世前北方期－北方期,大西洋期,亚北方期等五个古气候期的冬季和夏季温度场,降水场。     

社会资本和环境资本在可持续发展中的作用

本文分析了经济、社会、环境体系中社会资本与环境资本对经济的影响,用可持续发展观点修正了传统的经济增长理论。     

陕西省干旱灾害的农业风险评估

分析了陕西干旱发生的时空规律,以缺水率划分干旱标准,评价陕西各季农业干旱状况,并对1949～1990年共42a粮食产量序列进行滑动平均模拟,以粮食减产百分率评估全省干旱灾害等级,得出干旱损失评估模式,使陕西干旱灾害的评估由定性到定量,为其它灾害的定量评估提供了经验。     

吐氏酸废液资源化技术的研究

研究了用化学萃取法回收吐氏酸废母液中染料中间体的多种影响因素,静态试验表明：通过萃取工艺,吐氏酸废母液中的染料中间体回收率可达９０％以上,萃余液中ＣＯＤｃｒ在５００～３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间;该工艺可使废母液中的回收物浓缩５～１０倍,根据静态试验得出的工艺参数,进行了动态模拟试验,取得了与静态试验非常接近的结果,为以后的示范工程提供了可靠的设计依据。     

MB1870型球磨机噪声治理

球磨机运转时噪声很大,不仅生产操作时工人难以承受,而且对周围居民的生活环境造成严重污染.我们采用约束型粘弹阻尼结构减震,并结合吸声、隔声和消声技术进行综合治理,取得了良好的降噪效果.     

测定氨氮的经验点滴

用纳氏比色法测定NH3-N时,在保证斜率不变(b=0.0037)的条件下,减少显色剂中HgCI2-KI三分之二的含量,聚乙烯醇做胶体稳定剂,显著提高了显色剂和显色的稳定度,并大大降低了空白吸光度.以KOH和酒石酸钾纳做缓冲溶液,并增加KOH一倍的含量,保持恒定的显色碱度,同时也掩蔽了金属离子的干扰.测定废水,先做一条件试验,确定氨氮废水的稀释比,是测定氨氮的重要步骤.     

对化学需氧量两种测量方法不确定度评定报告的探讨

应用美国国家环保局方法和传统的重铬酸钾法测定同一化学需氧量标准样品，并分别编写了测量不确定度评定报告。通过对两份不确定度报告的研究，讨论了由于测量方法的不同，造成不确定度评定报告的区别。     

Phytoremediation and its models for organic contaminated soils

Soil pollution has been attracting considerable public attentions over the last decades.Sorts of traditional physiochemical methods have been used to remove th organic pollutants from soils.However,the enormous costs and low efficiencies associated with these remediation technologies limit their availabilities.Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants to cleanup pollutants in soils.As overwhelmingly positive results have been shown,phytoremediation is a most economical and effective remediation technique for organic contaminated soils.In this paper phytoremediation and its models for organic contaminated soils are viewed.The mechanisms of phytoremediation mainly include the direct plant uptake of organic pollutants,degradation by plant-derived degradative enzymes,and stimulated biodegradation in plat rhizosphere.Phytoremediation efficiency is close related to physicochemical properties of organic pollutants, environmental characteristics,and plant types.It is no doubt that soil amendments such as surfactants improve the solubilities and availabilities of organic pollutants in soils.However,little information is available about effects of soil amendments on phytoremediation efficiencies.Phytoremediation models have been developed to imulate and predict the environmental behavior of organic pollutants,and progress of models is illustrated.In many ways phytoremediation is still in its initial stage,and recommendations for the future for the future research on phytoremediation are presented.