磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯对L-02肝细胞氧化应激及凋亡损伤机制

在各类环境介质及生物体甚至人体中都检测到有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate,TDCPP)的存在,为探究TDCPP对人体健康的毒性作用,选取人体正常肝细胞L-02细胞作为模型,考察在体外暴露条件下TDCPP对L-02细胞的细胞存活率、凋亡、氧化应激以及p53通路相关基因方面的影响。MTT结果显示,24 h、48 h、72h的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为:116.56μmol·L~(-1)、81.89μmol·L~(-1)、65.11μmol·L~(-1)。TDCPP暴露24 h条件下,随着TDCPP暴露浓度的增加,细胞的凋亡率和活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平也逐渐增加,100μmol·L~(-1)浓度条件下凋亡高达25.58%±1.61%,ROS水平是对照组的2.07±0.07倍。实时荧光定量PCR法检测线粒体凋亡通路相关基因的表达情况,在TDCPP刺激下,Bax、caspase-3、caspase-9、p53和Apaf-1相对表达量增加,Bcl-2相对表达量减少。蛋白免疫印迹法检测发现Bax/Bcl-2和caspase-3均随浓度增加而递增。本研究为综合评估TDCPP的生物和环境健康毒理效应提供了实验数据及理论支持。     

海藻酸钠负载硫化零价铁对水体中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原去除

本研究以微米零价铁（ZVI）为核心,对ZVI进行硫化改性和海藻酸钠（SA）负载,成功制备一种高效去除Cr（Ⅵ）的功能性材料（SZVI-SA）.考察了材料制备过程中螯合剂种类、质量分数、S/Fe等参数对Cr（Ⅵ）去除的影响.采用SEM-EDS、TEM、XRD和XPS等对材料进行表征分析,讨论去除机制.实验结果表明,选择7%的Fe³⁺为海藻酸钠螯合剂,S/Fe=3.5、干燥温度70℃作为材料制备的较优条件;SZVI-SA对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率主要受Cr（Ⅵ）与SZVI-SA结合位点之间的化学反应速率控制.表征结果表明,SZVI-SA有效成分为FeS,比表面积较大为97.83 m²·g^-1,以微孔为主,孔隙较多.SZVI-SA对Cr（Ⅵ）的还原去除率可达92%,同时能有效地去除反应后溶液中的Cr（Ⅲ）和Fe（Ⅲ）.SZVI-SA与Cr（Ⅵ）的反应机制主要为氧化还原反应,主要还原活性物质为Fe²⁺、S^2-和S₂^2-;反应后生成的Fe（Ⅲ）和Cr（Ⅲ）最终以Fe（OH）₃、Cr（OH）₃和Cr₂O₃的形式沉淀分离.     

微塑料对膜蒸馏处理含锑高盐废水性能影响研究

研究了微塑料在膜蒸馏过程中不同温度、pH、微塑料浓度和微塑料粒径条件下对含锑高盐废水的处理性能及机理.结果表明,随着进料液温度的升高,饱和蒸汽压的增加提高了传质动力,不含微塑料时膜通量由17.4 L·m^-2·h^-1提高至20.7 L·m^-2·h^-1,通量提升了18.9%,含有微塑料时膜通量由15.6 L·m^-2·h^-1提高至18.5 L·m^-2·h^-1,提升了18.6%;pH由3增大至11时,由于重金属锑在不同pH条件下的价态变化及静电排斥作用,重金属锑截留率由98.2%提升至99.6%;微塑料浓度的增加会降低膜通量,提高锑截留效果,这可能是微塑料对溶液中重金属锑的吸附作用及微塑料在膜表面的积聚产生的筛分效应引起的.     

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对海洋桡足类日本虎斑猛水蚤的急慢性毒性效应

甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)是一种广泛应用于农业和水产养殖业的高效抗生素杀虫剂,会进入近海海洋环境从而对海洋生物造成影响。为初步探讨甲维盐对海洋桡足类产生的生物效应,研究了甲维盐对日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicus Mori)的死亡率、摄食率、滤水率、神经传导关键性酶和抗氧化防御系统中多种酶活性以及生殖、发育的影响。结果显示,甲维盐对于日本虎斑猛水蚤有显著的急性毒性影响,雌性成体和雄性成体的96 h-LC_(50)分别为7 156μg·L~(-1)和3 637μg·L~(-1);雌性成体的24 h-EC_(50)为3.5μg·L~(-1)。暴露在不同甲维盐浓度(0.5、1、2、3.5和5μg·L~(-1))条件下24 h后,日本虎斑猛水蚤的摄食率和滤水率随甲维盐浓度升高逐渐降低,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性均随甲维盐浓度的升高先升高后趋于平稳,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性无显著变化。日本虎斑猛水蚤连续暴露2个世代,随着甲维盐浓度的升高,发育率逐渐降低;当甲维盐浓度达到0.5μg·L~(-1)时,10 d产卵量受到显著抑制,这说明甲维盐对其种群繁衍能力产生了显著影响。将第3代无节幼虫置于海水中进行恢复培养后发现,高浓度甲维盐暴露(0.5μg·L~(-1))对日本虎斑猛水蚤发育和生殖均造成了不可逆的影响,毒性可能具有不可恢复性。本文可为评估甲维盐对海洋桡足类的潜在影响提供基础数据和依据。     

基于高通量分析的长江干流重庆段重点关注污染物筛选

应用高通量分析方法对长江干流重庆段11个断面水体中的潜在污染物进行了分析,共筛查到230种污染物。结合重庆市化学品生产使用统计结果,应用综合评分法对潜在污染物进行了评分和排序,筛选出33种流域重点关注污染物,包括农药、工业用品(邻苯二甲酸酯类、酚类雌激素、有机溶剂)及个人护理品(抗氧化剂、合成麝香、紫外吸收剂)等。结果表明,基于高通量分析方法和综合评分法可成功识别和筛选流域内重点关注污染物,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

橡胶颗粒土动剪模量与阻尼比的共振柱试验研究

废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒与砂土组成的橡胶颗粒土相比于纯砂而言,具有密度轻、弹性变形能力强、耗能大、剪切模量低等特点,可广泛应用于边坡、挡土墙和路基回填、桥台跳车治理以及建筑隔震减振等工程领域。通过共振柱试验,重点对比研究了橡胶含量、粒径及围压对混合土动剪切模量和等效阻尼比的影响规律。结果表明,小应变范围内,在围压和粒径相同时,随橡胶含量的增加,橡胶土动剪切模量减小,阻尼比增大,动剪模量比衰退变缓;含量和粒径相同时,围压增大,动剪模量增大,动剪模量比衰退变缓,阻尼比减小。在大应变幅值下,橡胶含量较低时,随着围压增大,动剪模量比衰退明显加快;而当橡胶含量较高时,围压对其影响与小应变范围相同;而围压与橡胶含量相同时,不同橡胶粒径的模量与阻尼比曲线非常接近。橡胶土的动剪模量与阻尼比主要受橡胶含量与固结围压影响,而粒径影响可忽略不计。     

底质耗氧行为探讨

本文介绍了底质耗氧速率方程，速率常数ｋ值比较及温度对ｋ值的影响等，对南排污河等底质的研究表明：ｋ值大，污染严重，故可用ｋ值估计底质污染的轻重。另外，温度升高，底质耗氧速率常数增大。     

TPA下脚料合成增塑剂DOTP的脱色研究

简要介绍了对苯二甲酸（ＴＰＡ）下脚料合成对苯二甲酸二辛酯（ＤＯＴＰ）的工艺路线，着重探讨了深色ＤＯＴＰ的色泽处理方法，优选出物理－化学法作为最佳脱色方法，并确定了最佳操作条件。该法操作简便，产品收率高达８５．４２％，产品质量符合７０℃级电缆料的要求。     

Sorption of MS2 bacteriophage to layered double hydroxides: effects of reaction time, pH, and competing anions

Batch sorption and column breakthrough studies were conducted to investigate the potential of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to remove bacteriophage MS2 from contaminated waters. All four of the LDHs evaluated in this study had very high retention capacities for MS2. Sorption results showed that MS2 could be completely removed from 5.2 x 10(2) plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL solution by Mg-Al LDH 2 (i.e., 2:1 Mg to Al ratio LDH), with the highest sorption capacity observed in this study of 1.51 x 10(10) pfu/g. Attachment of MS2 to LDHs was a rapid process and reached quasi-equilibrium after a 1-h reaction time. Within the pH range studied (pH 4-9), Mg-Al LDH 2 showed high sorption potential for MS2 at all pH values but sorption decreased slightly with increasing solution pH. Background solution anions influenced virus sorption, with SO4(2-) and HPO4(2-) decreasing sorption significantly whereas the presence of NO3- had little effect on the attachment of MS2 to Mg-Al LDH 2. The addition of another virus (phiX174) only caused a slight decrease in the retention of MS2 by Mg-Al LDH 2, suggesting that there was insignificant competitive sorption between MS2 and phiX174 on LDH surfaces. Results from column experiments indicate that there was no MS2 breakthrough from columns packed with Mg-Al LDH 2-coated sand, suggesting complete MS2 retention at the virus concentration tested. The high mass recovery by beef extract solution revealed that the removal of viruses by the LDH was due to sorption of MS2 to LDH surfaces, rather than inactivation.     

Construction of WCB-11: A novel phiYFP arsenic-resistant whole-cell biosensor

The prediction and assessment of environmental pollution by arsenic are important preconditions of advocating environmental protection and human health risk assessment.A yellow fluorescent protein-based whole-cell biosensor for the detection of arsenite and arsenate was constructed and tested.An arsenic-resistant promoter and the regulatory gene arsR were obtained by PCR from the genome of Escherichia coli DH5α,and phiYFP was introduced into E.coli DH5α as a reporter gene to construct an arsenic-resistant whole-cell biosensor(WCB-11) in which phiYFP was expressed well for the first time.Experimental results demonstrated that the biosensor has a good response to arsenic and the expression of phiYFP.When strain WCB-11 was exposed to As 3+ and As 5+,the expression of yellow fluorescence was time-dependent and dose-dependent.This engineered construct is expected to become established as an inexpensive and convenient method for the detection of arsenic in the field.