邻氨基苯甲酸电化学修饰电极及其铅的测定

本文提出用电化学方法制作邻氨基本甲酸修饰玻碳电极,修饰液为50ml水溶液,内含邻氨基苯甲酸0.3g,36％甲醛0.3g,NaOH 0.3g;扫描的电位范围为-0.1—+1.3V(vs.SCE);扫速100mV/s和扫描时间5min.研究了铅在该电极上的阳极溶出伏安特性,铅在该电极上的氧化还原过程是不可逆反应.电极对铅的测定灵敏度比未修饰玻碳电极大大提高,重现性也好,测定12次的相对标准偏差为1.8％,电极可用于水中痕量铅的测定,最佳的测定条件是:底液为0.05mol/L KCl(pH=2—8),富集电位-0.9V(vs.SCE),富集时间2min.常见离子不干扰铅的测定.铅(Ⅱ)浓度为1—3ng/ml时,测定回收率为96—102％,定量测定的下限是0.2ng/ml.     

偶氮染料生产废水的处理工艺技术研究

偶氮染料废水具有高COD_Cr、高色度、有机物成分复杂等特点。根据清污分流的原则,确定处理工艺方案为:首先对高浓度偶氮染料工艺废水采用中和—电解—臭氧氧化进行预处理后,再与低浓度废水按比例混合混凝处理。经大量工艺实验确定全流程工艺条件为:废水pH中性、电解电压10V、电流密度0.018A/cm2、电解时间2h,O₃氧化时间为2h,混凝剂环保1#和3#浓度各为250mg/L。COD_Cr、色度的去除率分别可以达到99.6%,99.9%。可以达标排放。      

厌氧-好氧处理磺胺废水实验研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床和好氧复合反应器处理磺胺废水,在厌氧TOC负荷约1.2kg/(m³·d),好氧TOC负荷约0.6kg/(m³·d)的运行条件下,TOC厌氧去除率可达50%以上,TOC总去除率可达85%以上厌氧过程有约30%SO₄^2-被去除,无CH4产生,这表明TOC的厌氧去除为硫酸盐还原条件下的缺氧降解.     

北京密云水库沉积物中汞的存在形式研究

在改进Tessier方法的基础上,利用冷原子吸收对北京密云水库沉积物中汞的形态进行研究,发现密云水库沉积物的总汞含量较高,沉积物中的汞主要以气态汞、有机汞和硫化物汞的形式存在,生物可以直接利用的汞较低,但一些目前不能直接利用的汞在一定条件下可以转化为可利用的汞,需要对此加以关注。     

湿式静电除尘器在火电厂大型机组中的应用

为了满足最新的GB 13223—2011《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》的烟尘排放要求(一般地区30 mg/m3,重点地区20 mg/m3),需要对现有电除尘器进行改造。湿式静电除尘器可以降低粉尘、液滴和重金属的排放浓度,并同时解决湿法脱硫系统的浆液夹带而产生的石膏雨问题,是目前实现烟尘达标排放的最佳选择方案之一。因此国电集团决定在益阳电厂300MW大型机组的电除尘器烟尘减排技术改造中采用自主研发的湿式静电除尘技术(即柔性电极深度净化技术),该项目作为示范项目,受到集团公司和环保业界的高度关注。调试结果表明:该技术具有适应性强、不受煤种、烟尘特性影响,除尘和去除液滴效率高等优点,具有很广泛的发展前景。     

Mixing and transformation of Asian dust with pollution in the two dust storms over the northern China in 2006

To study the mixing and transformation of Asian dust with pollution in the two dust storms over the northern China in 2006, both TSP and PM_2.5 samples were collected at three sites of northern China in addition to the dry deposition samples collected in an episode in Beijing. 23 elements, 15 ions, and 16 PAHs in each sample were analyzed. The two dust storms in northern China were observed in April 8–10 (DS1) and April 16–18 (DS2). Compared to DS2, DS1 was weaker and more polluted with stronger mixing between crustal and pollutant aerosols during their long-range transport. The concentrations of pollution species, e.g. pollution elements, ions, and PAHs were higher in DS1 than that in DS2, while the crustal species showed adverse variation. The correlation between chemical species and Al and between PAH(4) and PAH(5,6) further confirmed the stronger chemical transformation and aerosol mixing in DS1 than that in DS2. Back trajectory and chemical analysis revealed that in DS1 the air masses at Beijing were mostly from southern or southwestern direction at lower altitude with much more pollution, while in DS2 the air masses were mostly from the northwestern and northern direction with dust mainly, which explained why there was a stronger mixing of dust with pollution aerosol in DS1 than that in DS2 over Beijing.     

掺硫改性TiO2对活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解性能研究

以硫脲为硫的源物质,以钛酸四丁酯为TiO₂的前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺硫改性TiO₂光催化剂。以活性艳红X-3B为目标污染物,研究了该催化剂的光催化降解性能,对硫掺杂量、催化剂焙烧温度、溶液pH值以及催化剂添加量等影响因素进行了研究,并采用XRD分析手法对光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,经掺硫改性后的TiO₂的催化活性有了很大提高,且硫的掺杂有一个最佳值,即Ti∶S的摩尔比为1∶1。经掺硫改性的TiO₂在可见光区具备一定的催化活性, 180 min内对活性艳红X-3B的去除率可达35.1%,且在紫外光区的催化活性优于纯TiO₂。     

C60-DOM interactions and effects on C60 apparent solubility: a molecular mechanics and density functional theory study

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in the transport of carbon nano-particles (e.g. C(60)) in the aquatic environment. However, the mechanism for C(60)-DOM interactions and its environmental implications needs further investigations. In this study, the interaction of C(60) with relevant reference compounds of DOM (DOM(R)) is computationally simulated by molecular mechanics and density functional theory (DFT). All the C(60)-DOM(R) complexes are firstly optimized by classical annealing, and then DFT using the Dmol(3) code. The adsorption energies of C(60) on DOM(R) were computed. The computed electrostatic potential indicates that DOM(R) are electron acceptors in the C(60)-DOM(R) complexes, and the thermodynamic calculations indicate that electrostatic interaction is the dominant driving force for the C(60)-gallic acid complexation process in water. The presence of DOM(R) increases the apparent water solubility of C(60). It is also observed that the C(60) apparent water solubility decrease with the increase of the energy gaps of frontier molecular orbitals (E(LUMO)-E(HOMO)) for each C(60)-DOM(R) complex. These findings indicate that computational simulation is an important tool for predicting the behavior and fate of carbon nano-particles in the aquatic environment.     

汶川地震后的卫生防疫对策

2008年5月12日14点28分,四川省汶川发生里氏8．0级特大地震,造成严重的人员伤亡、房屋倒塌、道路损毁和重大的经济损失。 四川是我国人口大省,本次地震造成大量的人员伤亡和牲畜死亡,灾区基础卫生设施和生态环境受到极大的破坏和影响。灾区公路、铁路严重破坏;     

关于中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准的思考与建议

研究了中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准发展历程及现状。根据现行土壤环境监测分析方法标准的类型、数量和污染物控制项目,以及中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准的特点,分析了中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准存在的问题和不足。结合当前土壤环境管理需求,提出了完善中国土壤环境监测分析方法标准的建议:加快标准制修订,合理增加污染物项目的控制种类和检测方式;加强不同标准方法之间的可比性研究,使标准更具实用性和指导性;加大土壤监测技术基础性研究,借鉴国外先进经验,为标准制修订工作提供有力支撑。