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对典型道路扬尘进行采样,分析夏季北京市西城区、海淀区、门头沟区不同类型道路积尘负荷和PM_(2.5)粒度乘数(K_(2.5),g/(km·辆)),并对高峰与非高峰期K_(2.5)进行统计分析,通过计算得到了PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)排放因子和排放强度。结果表明:除北营房中街和阜外大街以外的积尘负荷总体表现为支路次干道主干道快速路,门头沟区海淀区西城区。不同道路类型PM_(10)排放因子表现为主干道次干道支路快速路(西城区除外),PM_(10)排放强度表现为快速路主干道次干道支路。K_(2.5)的分析结果表明,K_(2.5)表现为快速路主干道次干道支路,西城区海淀区门头沟区,高峰期K_(2.5)普遍比非高峰期大,其中午高峰最大。此外,北营房中街积尘负荷为0.681g/m~2,PM_(10)排放因子和排放强度分别为1.04g/(km·辆)和8.43kg/(km·d),明显小于其他区支路;阜外大街积尘负荷为0.724g/m~2,PM_(10)排放因子和排放强度分别为1.28g/(km·辆)和44.74kg/(km·d),明显小于其他区主干道;这可能与两条道路的日平均洒水次数较多有关。研究结果可为北京市道路扬尘排放清单的构建提供数据参考。 相似文献
434.
Wenjie Zhang Dongqun Xu Guoshun Zhuang Wei Wang Lili Guo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,165(1-4):137-146
One-minute PM2.5 concentration was obtained with LD-5C pocket microcomputer laser dust instrument from Dec. 15th, 2005 to Jan. 16th, 2006 and Mar. 17th to Apr. 28th, 2006 in Beijing. The concentration of SO2, NO2, O3, CO, and PM10 from Jan. 1st, 2001 to Dec. 31st, 2004 were obtained from the conversion of air pollution index. Results showed that all the pollutants showed cyclic characteristics. The longer yearly cycles was shown from SO2, NO2, O3, CO, and PM10, as the sampling time was 4-year long and daily collected. The shorter hourly and daily cycle was shown from 1-min PM2.5, as the sampling time was about 1-month long and one collected at 1 min. The spectral density analysis confirmed this from the periodogram graphs. The longer yearly cycle (365, 180 days), the seasonal cycle (120, 60–90 days), and monthly cycle (21, 23, 27 days) of SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM10 were obviously shown. In addition, the shorter weekly cycle of 5–7 days is obviously shown, too. The shorter hourly cycle (8–12, 4–6, 3, 1–2 h, 20 min) of 1-min PM2.5 was also indicated from spectral density analysis. Two major factors contribute the 1-min PM2.5 cycles, i.e., the meteorological factors and source effects. Both the relative humidity and dew point showed consistent variation with PM2.5, but the wind speed showed inverse variations with PM2.5. Furthermore, the spectral density analysis of the meteorological factors (4–5, 2–2.5, 1–1.5 days, 12, 6–8, 3 h) may partially explain the cycles of PM2.5. As for the sources effects, it can be shown from the strong dust storm of April 16–18th, 2006. PM2.5 constantly increased tens and even hundreds of times high concentration within a few minutes due to the intensity of the dust sources. 相似文献
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基于折减系数的地下水污染风险评价方法探究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
地下水污染风险评价对地下水污染防治与地下水合理开发利用具有重要意义.目前国内外最常用的是基于DRASTIC模型结合污染荷载的地下水污染风险评价方法.本文对比总结了国内外地下水污染风险评价方法体系,针对目前方法体系的不足,提出基于折减系数的评价体系,通过引进"折减系数"来表征污染物在包气带中的迁移转化过程,最后以石家庄滹沱河冲洪积扇平原区为例进行了地下水污染风险评价.结果表明,研究区污染风险最高的地区多为工业区;其次是滹沱河河道及周边地区地下水污染风险较高,原因主要是该地区包气带基本以砂性土为主,且排污河污染物随河水常年下渗;农业污染源排放量较小,农田区污染风险最低.该方法体系实现了污染物由地表到达地下的衰减过程量化,且简便易操作.此外,该方法把污染物毒性与污染物到达地下水面的量放在同一层次,使得地下水污染风险评价的结果更具说服力. 相似文献
437.
随着城市经济的快速发展,多数城市河流均受到不同程度的污染。2012年1月—2013年7月采用外循环技术对受污染的常州市景观河流进行水质改善研究,结果表明:河道ρ(TN)由14.6~16.0 mg/L降到5.08~5.78 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)由11.1~13.5 mg/L降到0.92~1.06 mg/L,ρ(COD)由74.5~95.2 mg/L降到20.2~21.0 mg/L,ρ(TP)由1.22~1.23 mg/L降到0.218~0.220 mg/L。该景观河水质指标除总氮外,其余均达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》IV类标准。 相似文献
438.
染料对环境的影响及生物处理技术进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从染料在环境中的归趋开始,综述了染料的生物处理技术,认为生物吸附,生物絮凝处理,以及筛同效“广谱”脱色菌,厌氧-好氧处理,固定化技术是发展的热点。 相似文献
439.
Peng Xu Hongjun Han Haifeng Zhuang Baolin Hou Shengyong Ji Dexin Wang Kun Li Qian Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(5):221-225
The potential for degradation of five nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds(NHCs), i.e.,imidazole, pyridine, indole, quinoline, and carbazole, was investigated under anoxic conditions with acclimated activated sludge. Results showed that NHCs with initial concentration of 50 mg/L could be completely degraded within 60 hr. The degradation of five NHCs was dependent upon the chemical structures with the following sequence:imidazole pyridine indole quinoline carbazole in terms of their degradation rates.Quantitative structure–biodegradability relationship studies of the five NHCs showed that the anoxic degradation rates were correlated well with highest occupied molecular orbital.Additionally, the active sites of NHCs identified by calculation were confirmed by analysis of intermediates using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. 相似文献
440.
Xiangguang Ji Cheng Liu Zhouqing Xie Qihou Hu Yunsheng Dong Guangqiang Fan Tianshu Zhang Chengzhi Xing Zhuang Wang Zeeshan Jave Jianguo Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(5):81-90
Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area is suffering from atmospheric pollution from a long time. The understanding of the air pollution mechanism is of great importance for officials to design strategies for the environmental governance. Mixing layer height(MLH) is a key factor influencing the diffusion of air pollutants. It plays an important role on the evolution of heavy pollution events. Light detection and ranging(lidar), is an effective remote-sensing tool, which can retrieve high spatial and temporal evolution process within mixing layer(ML), especially the variation of MLH. There are many methods to retrieve MLH, but each method has its own applicable limitations. The Mie-lidar data in Beijing was firstly used to compare three different algorithms which are widely used under different pollution levels.We find that the multi-layer structure near surface may cause errors in the detection of mixing layer. The MLH retrieved based on image edge detection was better than another two methods especially under heavy polluted episode. Then we applied this method to investigate the evolution of the mixing layer height during a pollution episode in December2016. MLH at Gucheng county showed the positive correlation with the concentration of particulate matters during the start of this pollution episode. The elevated pollution level in Gucheng was not associated with MLH's decrease, and the significantly increased particulate matters raised the boundary layer, which trapped the pollutants near the surface. 相似文献