水体pH和曝气方式对藻类生长的影响

利用水族箱微宇宙研究了藻类在不同pH和曝气条件下的生长和种类变化.使用天然湖水,一组试验每天调节pH,使其分别保持在8.0、8.5、9.0和9.5;另一组试验是设定不同的曝气方式,分别为不曝气、完全曝气、昼间曝气和夜间曝气,定期测定水体叶绿素a和藻类组成.pH试验结果显示,在pH 8.0～9.5范围内,pH 8.5下藻类生长状况最好,pH 9.5下生长最差,人为改变pH使其远离8.5能够抑制藻类生长.曝气试验结果显示,曝气不能抑制水体中藻类的生长,昼间曝气甚至还有明显的促进作用.     

生物滤池-接触氧化工艺处理醇醚表面活性剂废水

介绍抚顺醇醚化学厂醇醚生产废水的排放与水质特点 ,结合工艺流程介绍处理工艺设计和技术参数。几年来的运行结果表明 ,采用生物滤池 生物接触氧化 纤维球过滤三级工艺处理醇醚表面活性剂废水 ,处理效果良好 ,出水CODCr<10 0mg/L ,SS <15mg/L ,滤后水可用于厂区绿化。     

Interactions between organic flocculant PAN-DCD and dyes

Organic flocculant polyacrylonitrile-dicyandiamide (PAN-DCD) was characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Polar groups, such as triazine, carboxyl, amidine, carbonamide and non-polar groups, such as methylene were identified in the macromolecular chain of PAN-DCD. The flocculant effectively decolorized the examined dyes in their aqueous solutions under acid condition. By comparing the IR spectra of dyes with that of PAN-DCD and that of flocs formed, weak chemical interactions between amino in PAN-DCD side chain and sulfonic acid group in the dye molecules were observed through the formation of -NH3+ SO3(-)-, NH2+ SO3(-)- or/and =NH+ SO3(-)-. By using equilibrium dialysis technique, the hydrophobic interactions between PAN-DCD and the dyes in the binding process were also observed from the experimental results. The binding extent of PAN-DCD to dye KN-R was greater than that of MO. The addition of urea into the binding system of KN-R by PAN-DCD reduced the first binding constant K from 12.2 x 10(5) (without urea) to 3.48 x 10(5) (with urea).     

污染水中还原性指标相关性探讨

本文介绍了模拟污染水中还原性指标ARs,MRS,BPM,COD,BOD的相关性,以及它们与衡量水变黑程度色阈值之间的关系。     

全球变暖影响下中国自然灾害的发展趋势

在本世纪全球与中国显著变暖和中国境内降水量有所减少影响下，结合经济发展过程中生态系统的恶化，５０年代至９０年代初，中国多种自然灾害包括旱灾、洪涝灾、风暴潮灾、农林生物灾害都在发展加剧，唯寒冻冰雪灾害有所减轻。自然灾害所造成经济损失８０年代已比６０年代成倍增长，９０年代逐步损失达１０００亿元至２０００亿元。下世纪气候进一步变暖，如北方降水少量增加不抵蒸发量的上扬，旱灾仍将继续发展。南方雨量增加特别是暴雨和台风雨的增加，会使洪涝灾害扩大加剧。沿海地区由于海平面上升，海岸带灾害主要是风暴潮存在加剧趋势。农林病虫害也将发展，唯寒冻灾害可大幅度减轻。     

南京颗粒物时间序列相关性及其成因分析研究

以南京2014年2月到5月的PM2．5、PM10日平均值和气象要素观测资料为例,根据Pearson相关系数和双尾检验显著性水平对其逐日时间序列进行相关性分析。结果表明：南京2014年2月到5月PM2．5、PM10与前2日质量浓度值呈正相关性,但两者与前3日、前4日质量浓度值都没有明显线性相关性;PM10较PM2．5相关性更强。在此基础上,从PM2．5、PM10成分来源等方面,阐述了该结论产生的原因。     

太湖水草压榨液的IC处理实验研究

针对太湖水草压榨液高有机物浓度的特点,研究采用消化污泥与颗粒污泥的混合泥接种内循环厌氧反应器（IC）处理太湖水草压榨液。启动初期采取快速提升负荷至4 kg/(m3·d)并长期稳定在该负荷,这种启动方式有利于提高污泥的活性,加速污泥颗粒化。调试历时95 d,逐步提高进水负荷,研究发现IC的最大容积负荷可以达到18 kg/(m3·d),为了能够稳定运行IC反应器,降低容积负荷到15 kg/(m3·d),此时COD的去除率在85%以上。研究表明：运用压榨技术处理太湖水草为今后处理各类水草提供了更多的技术选择,使得处理太湖水草不用局限于固体废物领域,将水草进行压榨能够妥善处理打捞上来的太湖水草,实现水草的减量化。     

Modeling soil conservation, water conservation and their tradeoffs:A case study in Beijing

Natural ecosystems provide society with important goods and services. With the rapid increase in human populations and excessive utilization of natural resources, humans frequently enhance the production of some services at the expense of the others. Although the need for tradeoffs between conservation and development is urgent, the lack of efficient methods to assess such tradeoffs has impeded progress. Three land use strategy scenarios (development scenario, plan trend scenario and conservation scenario) were created to forecast potential changes in ecosystem services from 2007 to 2050 in Beijing, China. GIS-based techniques were used to map spatial and temporal distribution and changes in ecosystem services for each scenario. The provision of ecosystem services differed spatially, with significant changes being associated with different scenarios. Scenario analysis of water yield (as average annual yield) and soil retention (as retention rate per unit area) for the period 2007 to 2050 indicated that the highest values for these parameters were predicted for the forest habitat under all three scenarios. Annual yield/retention of forest, shrub, and grassland ranked the highest in the conservation scenario. Total water yield and soil retention increased in the conservation scenario and declined dramatically in the other two scenarios, especially the development scenario. The conservation scenario was the optimal land use strategy, resulting in the highest soil retention and water yield. Our study suggests that the evaluation and visualization of ecosystem services can effectively assist in understanding the tradeoffs between conservation and development. Results of this study have implications for planning and monitoring future management of natural capital and ecosystem services, which can be integrated into land use decision-making.     

Emission Inventories of Carbon-containing Greenhouse Gases in China and Technological Measures for Their Abatement

Abstract

The report summarizes surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, where the authors work/worked. The first part of the report, which appeared in the preceding issue of this journal, deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historic evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. This very paper, as the second part of the report, covers the results of carbon dynamics modeling, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

声波吹灰器工作原理与应用

介绍了声波吹灰器的工作原理、技术特点和工程应用领域，对声波吹灰器与传统的吹灰器进行了对比，展望了声波吹灰器的发展前景。