Graphitic carbon nitride/biochar composite synthesized by a facile ball-milling method for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of enrofloxacin

In order to enhance the removal performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) on organic pollutant, a simultaneous process of adsorption and photocatalysis was achieved via the compounding of biochar and g-C₃N₄. In this study, g-C₃N₄ was obtained by a condensation reaction of melamine at 550°C. Then the g-C₃N₄/biochar composites were synthesized by ball milling biochar and g-C₃N₄ together, which was considered as a simple, economical, and green strategy. The characterization of resulting g-C₃N₄/biochar suggested that biochar and g-C₃N₄ achieved effective linkage. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of the composites were evaluated with enrofloxacin (EFA) as a model pollutant. The result showed that all the g-C₃N₄/biochar composites displayed higher adsorption and photocatalytic performance to EFA than that of pure g-C₃N₄. The 50% g-C₃N₄/biochar performed best and removed 45.2% and 81.1% of EFA (10 mg/L) under darkness and light with a dosage of 1 mg/mL, while g-C₃N₄ were 19.0% and 27.3%, respectively. Besides, 50% g-C₃N₄/biochar showed the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency (65.9%). Radical trapping experiments suggested that superoxide radical (?O₂^?) and hole (h⁺) were the main active species in the photocatalytic process. After 4 cycles, the composite still exhibited activity for catalytic removal of EFA.     

改性赤泥催化剂制备及其催化燃烧甲苯性能

以赤泥固废为原料,采用酸溶-碱沉淀耦合焙烧处理方法制备低成本改性赤泥催化材料,通过XRF,BET,H₂-TPR,热重分析,FT-IR等手段进行表征测试分析,结果发现,酸溶-碱沉淀法耦合焙烧改性后的赤泥比表面积较原始赤泥提高了约26倍,较原始赤泥的甲苯催化活性大幅度提高.H₂-TPR结果表明,改性后赤泥的还原峰温度向低温方向移动,还原峰面积增大,说明改性后的赤泥氧化还原能力增强.在反应温度为300℃时,原始赤泥的甲苯转化率仅为11.6%,改性赤泥的甲苯转化率接近100%.甲苯浓度在1000~4000mg/m³条件下浓度升高,催化甲苯活性降低;空速对甲苯催化活性影响较大.对制备的催化剂进行稳定性测试,研究发现催化剂并无失活或恶化迹象,表明催化剂具有较优良的稳定性.     

白茅海潮滩重金属空间分布特征及生态风险评价

本研究于2020年8月测定了白茅海潮滩表层、次表层（50 cm深）沉积物及间隙水、排放废水中9种重金属（Zn、Cr、Pb、As、Cu、Cd、Ni、Fe、Mn）的含量,利用潜在生态危害指数法以及相关性分析法,结合沉积物粒度特征和TOC含量对白茅海潮滩重金属的分布特征、相关关系和污染风险进行了分析。结果表明,调查区表层沉积物以砂为主,粘土和粉砂含量极少,TOC平均含量为0.031%,重金属含量为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Pb>As>Ni>Cu>Cd。沿岸方向上,P1剖面某些重金属含量高于整个调查区平均含量,出现富集趋势。表层沉积物中的重金属在垂岸方向未表现出明显的分布规律。不同深度沉积物Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr、As、Cd含量均低于国家海洋沉积物I类标准值。间隙水中重金属含量为Mn>Fe>Zn>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd,Cr、Fe、Mn在不同介质中含量差异较大。调查区氧化还原类金属对重金属含量影响较大,粒度和TOC对重金属含量影响较小。调查区综合潜在生态风险指数ERI为113.03,表现为轻微潜在生态危害。各重金属潜在生态污染程度为Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr。Cd为调查区表层沉积物中的主要污染因子,应列为白茅海潮滩优先控制的重金属。     

北京城郊PM2.5中金属元素的污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

为了解北京市PM_(2.5)中金属元素的污染来源及其潜在生态风险,分别在北京城区(东直门)和郊区(怀柔)建立观测站点,使用中流量颗粒物采样器采集样品.利用微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)分析其中的16种金属元素的质量浓度.结果表明,北京市城区PM_(2.5)的总平均浓度为92.35μg·m~(-3),超标率(PM_(2.5)的浓度超过我国《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)的天数占总天数的比例)为41.7%,郊区PM_(2.5)的总平均浓度为70.90μg·m~(-3),超标率为31.7%.北京城郊金属元素的时空变化主要趋势为:夜间浓度略高于日间,秋冬质量浓度高于春夏,城区浓度大于郊区.通过计算富集因子表明,北京城区Pb、As、Zn、Ni、Cu和郊区Pb、As、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu金属元素来自人为活动.地累积指数法分析可知,Ni的I_(geo)值为0.79,受到人为和自然源的共同影响,而Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb有着中度以上的污染,受到人类活动的影响较大,例如煤燃烧、汽车尾气、刹车及轮胎磨损等.北京城郊生态风险指数极强,对于元素单项污染物生态风险,Cd的风险极强,Cu、Zn、Pb的单项污染物生态风险较强.     

Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system

Metal ions and fiber are common compounds in the livestock and poultry manure,which will affect the fate of organic compounds in aqueous environment. However,limited research has addressed the effect of coexisting metal ions and fiber on the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. Accordingly, a compositing study was performed to assess the effect of metal ions(Fe3+and Cu2+) on the biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine sodium salt(SDM) in the presence of fiber. The enhanced adsorption of SDM onto fiber in the presence of metal ions can be attributed to the π+–π electron donor acceptor(EDA) interaction. The microbial(Phanerochaete chrysosprium) could easily attach onto fiber forming attached microbial, and the degradation rates of SDM of immobilized bacteria in the presence of Fe3 +were 100%, which were significantly higher than those of free bacteria(45%). This study indicates that Fe3 +and fiber could enhance the biodegradation of SDM. Fiber acts as adsorbent, carrier, and substrate which enhanced the removal of SDM.     

某制革企业污染控制与环境管理中若干问题研究

通过对数家制革企业开展调查分析,探讨了制革企业在含铬、含硫废水分流处理和各生产环节臭气防治方面存在的若干技术与管理问题.首先,含铬废水和含硫废水收集与管理不规范统一致使后续废水预处理及生化处理受到影响;部分企业忽略了原皮存放及转运、皮革水场加工车间、污水处理设施等臭气产生环节的细节控制.最后提出针对性的对策与措施建议,包括统一规范含铬废水和含硫废水的收集与预处理范围,加强原皮仓库、水场和污水处理系统的恶臭全过程控制.     

城市小区雨水利用的模拟分析

选取天津市某小区,采用美国环保署开发的SWMM模型,模拟得出小区在开发建设前后的区域出口流量过程线和总径流量,分析评价了蓄水池和下凹绿地对小区雨水径流情况的影响。计算满足建设用地外排雨水设计流量不大于开发建设前水平这一条件时,蓄水池的设计体积和下凹绿地的面积以及下凹深度。模拟结果表明,蓄水池和下凹绿地可同时消减洪峰,推...     

Rapid degradation of carbon tetrachloride by commercial micro-scale zinc powder assisted by citric acid

We developed an effective method for degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in contaminated water. Zinc metal as a reducing agent for CT in aqueous solutions has been previously studied in some detail, but the rapid corrosion of zinc surface usually reduces its efficiency in removing CT. We assumed that citric acid could enhance the degradation of CT by zinc powder due to the elimination of a passivation layer of Zn(II) (hydr)oxides on the surface of zinc powder through chelating of organic ligands with Zn(II) produced from the reaction and keeping the exposure of active sites to targets. Here the influence of citric acid on the decomposing of CT by commercial micro-scale zinc powder was investigated in a pH range of 3.5–7.5 at 25°C in batch experiments. Reaction mixtures were analysed by gas chromatography/headspace analysis, and Cl⁻ concentration was determined by turbidimetry. The results demonstrate that the degradation of CT by zinc metal alone is very weak, but the addition of citric acid can assist zinc powder to decompose CT more completely and rapidly at all pHs. Degradation of CT took place mainly in the first 10 min of reaction, coupled with 75–95% of CT removal. Maximum dechlorination percentage (82.4%) of CT was obtained at pH 5.5. In that case, chloroform and dichloromethane, as main intermediates, were found at low levels during the whole reaction, suggesting that CT may be sequentially and multiply degraded so quickly that methane is yielded before the intermediates can be desorbed and released to aqueous solution. When compared with the current methods of nano-scale zinc and bimetallic systems, the application of commercial micro-scale zinc particles assisted by organic ligands is of environmental significance since it allows decontamination of aqueous chlorinated organic compounds at low cost and with high efficiency.     

中国红豆杉内生放线菌En-1的分离、鉴定及其次生代谢物的研究

采用选择性分离方法对药用植物红豆杉Taxus chinensis嫩枝和叶进行内生菌分离,得到一株放线菌En-1,经鉴定为链霉菌Streptomyces sp.;并对该菌进行液体培养条件优化、次生代谢物初筛及其抗菌活性的研究。通过添加宿主植物浸出物至En-1液体培养中以考察宿主对后者生长的影响,结果表明红豆杉叶浸出物能促进En-1的体外生长;而且En-1次生代谢物对5株供试菌中的黑曲霉具有抑制活性。通过En-1菌培养基优化并联合波谱法检测其发酵产物,显示8#配方（淀粉25 g.L-1,KNO3 1 g.L-1,K2HPO4.3H2O 0.5 g.L-1,NaCl 0.5 g.L-1,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01 g.L-1,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5 g.L-1）培养液中,En-1所产的次生代谢物最具结构多样性;同时8#配方也有利于该菌产生抗菌活性产物。本研究提示红豆杉内生放线菌可作为寻求药物先导化合物的资源菌。     

Sonographic features of ileal duplication cyst at 12 weeks

Enteric duplication cyst is a congenital abnormality that is believed to arise from abnormal recanalization of the bowel during embryogenesis. Previous reports suggest that the condition may be suspected prenatally by sonographic demonstration of an intra-abdominal cystic mass in the second and third trimesters. We present the sonographic features of a fetus with ileal duplication cyst at 12 weeks of gestation, which show that the condition may present in the first trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.