Utilization of washed MSWI fly ash as partial cement substitute with the addition of dithiocarbamic chelate

The management of the big amount of fly ash as hazardous waste from the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) has encountered many problems in China. In this study, a feasibility research on MSWI fly ash utilization as partial cement substitute in cement mortars was therefore carried out. MSWI fly ash was subjected to washing process to reduce its chlorine content (from 10.16% to 1.28%). Consequently, it was used in cement mortars. Ten percent and 20% replacement of cement by washed ash showed acceptable strength properties. In TCLP and 180-day monolithic tests, the mortars with washed ash presented a little stronger heavy metal leachability, but this fell to the blank level (mortar without washed ash) with the addition of 0.25% chelate. Therefore, this method is proposed as an environment-friendly technology to achieve a satisfactory solution for MSWI fly ash management.     

大渡河流域泸定段土地利用景观格局动态研究

对泸定县1994年TM影像和2002年ETM＋影像进行了数字图像处理和解译,得到两个时期的土地利用景观类型图,通过计算相关景观格局指数,定量研究了土地利用景观格局的纵向变化情况。结果表明：1994-2002年间,研究区以林地的变动为主要特征,8年间林地面积增加7590．395hm^2,而草地、耕地和其它土地面积减少,主要是转化为林地,其主要推动力是退耕还林政策的实施,景观破碎化程度增加,多样性和异质性提高,说明整个景观中斑块的分布趋于均匀化。     

Effects of cadmium on glutathione synthesis in hepatopancreas of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon yangtsekiense

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most deleterious heavy metals in aquatic systems that could promote oxidative damage. To explore the effects of Cd exposure of a freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense) on hepatopancreatic glutathione (GSH) synthesis, crabs were exposed to the reagent with a dose range of 7.25-116.00 mg L(-1) for 48 h. The concentrations of GSH, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), NADPH and NADP(+), as well as the activities of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis, i.e. glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) were determined. Progressive depletion of cellular GSH content was observed with the increasing of Cd concentrations, while the level of GSSG remained constant. In response to Cd exposure, crabs showed significant induction of G6PD and NADPH, however, only up to moderate exposures. GR activity remained at a steady level at all exposure concentrations. The activity of gamma-GCS was significantly positively correlated with the Cd concentration. These results suggested that GSH synthesis could be activated against reactive oxygen species induced by lower Cd exposure; under the higher Cd exposure conditions, an inhibition of NADPH-dependant redox cycling and de novo GSH synthesis led to significant decrease in GSH content.     

Influence of complex reagents on removal of chromium(VI) by zero-valent iron

The removal of Cr(VI) by zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) and the effect of three complex reagents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), NaF and 1,10-phenanthroline, on this reaction were investigated using batch reactors at pH values of 4, 5 and 6. The results indicate that the removal of Cr(VI) by Fe(0) is slow at pH 5.0 and that three complex reagents play different roles in the reaction. EDTA and NaF significantly enhance the reaction rate. The zero-order rate constants at pH 5.0 were 5.44 microM min(-1) in the presence of 4mM EDTA and 0.99 micrM min(-1) in the presence of 8 mM NaF, respectively, whereas that of control was only 0.33 micrM min(-1), even at pH=4.0. This enhancement is attributed to the formation of complex compounds between EDTA/NaF and reaction products, such as Cr(III) and Fe(III), which eliminate the precipitates of Cr(III), Fe(III) hydroxides and Cr(x)Fe(1-)(x)(OH)(3) and thus reduce surface passivation of Fe(0). In contrast, 1,10-phenanthroline, a complex reagent for Fe(II), dramatically decreases Cr(VI) reduction by Fe(0). At pH=4.0, the zero-order rate constant in the presence of 1mM of 1,10-phenanthroline was 0.02 micrM min(-1), decreasing by 99.7% and 93.9%, respectively, compared with the results in the presence and absence of EDTA. The results suggest that a pathway of the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by Fe(0) may involve dissolution of Fe(0) to produce Fe(II), followed by reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II), rather than the direct reaction between Cr(VI) and Fe(0), in which Fe(0) transfers electrons to Cr(VI).     

聚合硫酸铁铝硅的制备及混凝性能

研究了以硫铁矿烧渣、硫酸、铝酸钙粉和水玻璃为原料制备新型无机高分子复合混凝剂聚合硫酸铁铝硅（PFASS）的方法,采用微电泳技术研究了不同n（SiO2）：n（Fe）的PFASS的水解聚合产物的电动特性,应用超滤法对PFASS、聚合硫酸铁铝（PFAS）和聚合硫酸铁（PFS）的表观相对分子质量了进行测定,并对PFASS混凝性能及其混凝机理进行了研究。研究结果表明,在对高岭土悬浊液的混凝处理中,PFASS比PFAS和PFS具有更优的去浊性能。     

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) method for removal of CS2 from gas streams at atmospheric pressure

A combined plasma photolysis (CPP) reactor that utilizes a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and 207 nm UV radiation from discharge-driven KrBr^* excimers was designed and constructed. Gas streams containing CS₂ were treated with stand-alone DBD and CPP at atmospheric pressure. In comparison to DBD, CPP greatly enhanced the removal efficiency at the same applied voltage, waste gas concentration and gas residence time. Thus the applied voltage could be reduced to a certain extent in the plasma processing of industrial wastes. Influences of the KrBr^* radiation, inlet CS₂ concentration and gas residence time on CS₂ removal by CPP were also studied. In addition, the likely reaction mechanisms for the removal of CS₂ by CPP are suggested based on the byproducts analysis. The enhanced removal efficiency and reaction mechanisms implied that the CPP process would probably be suitable for the removal of a large number of gaseous pollutants.     

2219铝合金TIG焊缝激光冲击强化与腐蚀性能研究

目的 改善2219铝合金钨极氩弧焊焊缝的耐腐蚀性能。方法 采用激光冲击技术对焊缝进行强化处理,比较分析处理前后的表面残余应力、物相组成和元素状态,通过静态浸泡失重法和电化学试验测量腐蚀速率的变化。结果 经过激光冲击强化处理后,2219铝合金焊缝部位的元素状态没有改变,但焊缝区域的残余拉应力变为残余压应力。2219铝合金钨极氩弧焊接区域的自腐蚀电位明显下降,相比未经激光冲击处理的试件,焊核区和焊接过渡区的平均腐蚀电流分别减小了14%和12.7%,腐蚀速率分别减小了16.9%和12.9%。结论 激光冲击强化可以有效提升2219铝合金钨极氩弧焊焊缝区域的耐腐蚀性能,可以为提升特种装备安全性和轻量化提供技术参考。     

Comparison between linear and non-linear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic models for the removal of methylene blue by activated carbon

The best-fit equations of linear and non-linear forms of the two widely used kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, were compared in this study. The experimental kinetics of methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon was used for this research. Both the correlation coefficient (R ²) and the normalized standard deviation Δq(%) were employed as error analysis methods to determine the best-fitting equations. The results show that the non-linear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were more suitable than the linear forms for fitting the experimental data. The experimental kinetics may have been distorted by linearization of the linear kinetic equations, and thus, the non-linear forms of kinetic equations should be primarily used to obtain the adsorption parameters. In addition, the Δq(%) method for error analysis may be better to determine the best-fitting model in this case.     

湖北省饮用水源保护和可持续利用的立法思考

本文在对湖北省饮用水源保护的现状和法律调控的不足进行分析的基础上，提出完善湖北省饮用水源保护法律调控的必要性；分析了完善湖北省饮用水潭保护法律调控应遵循的指导思想和基本原则，并创新相应的法律制度，对湖北省饮用水源法制建设进行了探索。