Embryonic exposure to low concentration of bisphenol A affects the development of Oryzias melastigma larvae

The prevalence of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment has attracted increasing attention because of the toxicity of this manmade pollutant. However, the toxicity related to cardiac development remains largely unknown. In the present paper, we investigated the cardiac toxicity of BPA using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos. At 2?days postfertilization (dpf), the embryos were continuously exposed to a low concentration of BPA (200?μg/L) for the whole embryonic stage. Heart rate and sinus venosus (SV)-bulbus arteriosus (BA) distance were measured under microscopy. The mRNA expression levels of genes were quantified by SYBR real-time RT-PCR, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to examine the histology of fish larvae hearts. Neither the heart rate nor the SV-BA distance of the embryos was affected by BPA exposure. However, the mRNA expression levels of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, BMP4, COX-1, FGF8, GATA4, and NKX2.5 were all downregulated at the critical developmental stages (6 and 10?dpf). Interestingly, the mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and LERP were significantly upregulated at 10?dpf. The mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes (TNFα, IL1β, SOD, and CCL11) were all significantly upregulated after exposure. Moreover, we found that both the body length and the body width decreased in the larvae after embryonic exposure to BPA. The distributed foci of inflammation were observed in the juveniles after 2?weeks' depuration. Exposure to BPA at embryonic stages could alter the expression of heart development-related genes and inflammation-related genes of O. melastigma. The larvae hatched from exposed embryos showed the foci of inflammation in the heart ventricles and the decrease of the body length and width.     

Ag/Ag2SO3 plasmonic catalysts with high activity and stability for CO2 reduction with water vapor under visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The conversion of CO2 into useful raw materials for fuels and chemicals by solar energy is described using a plasmonic photocatalyst comprised of Ag...     

Source apportionment of DDTs in maricultured fish: a modeling study in South China

Fish is one of the most important nutrition sources for humanity. Contaminant exposure risk in fish farming will eventually deliver to the crowd through diet. China is the largest fish producing as well as exporting country, where mariculture plays an important role in fish production, especially in South China. Previous investigations indicated that a variety of compartments in farming areas of South China Sea were polluted by persistent organic pollutants, including DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its derivatives, some of which is designated as DDTs. In the present study, Hailing Bay and Daya Bay of Guangdong Province, China, were selected as the study sites and DDTs as the target compounds. A fish enrichment model was developed to assess the relative contributions of various pathways to the mass loadings of DDTs in the fish. Average concentrations (and concentration ranges) of DDTs in various environmental compartments of Hailing Bay and Daya Bay were included in modeling and analysis. Modeling results indicated that fish food and seawater contributed approximately the same proportions for the DDTs in maricultured fish. Antifouling paint was supposed to be the primary source of water DDTs in mariculture zone of Hailing Bay and Daya Bay, which contributed 69 % of the total DDTs to the mariculture water. We suggest that in order to protect people from consuming highly contaminated maricuture zone fish, the most effective and feasible methods are using environment-friendly antifouling paint and applying less polluted fish food in the fish reproduction process.     

Ti/RuO2-ZrO2-SnO2电极的研制及处理有机废水的研究

通过涂覆热分解法制备了Ti/RuO_2-ZrO_2-SnO_2、Ti/RuO_2电极材料,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安(CV)对电极材料进行表征,考察了电流密度、Na Cl质量浓度、p H值及电极间距对废水COD降解率的影响。结果表明,Ti/RuO_2-ZrO_2-SnO_2电极对COD具有更高的降解率,对其进行工艺优化。电极材料对废水降解的最佳工艺条件为电流密度40 m A/cm2,Na Cl质量浓度4 g/L,p H=5. 0,电极间距10 mm,COD的降解率达到90. 5%。Ti/RuO_2-ZrO_2-SnO_2电极中SnO_2与RuO_2生成固溶体,有利于增强涂层与基体之间的结合力,提高电极的稳定性; ZrO_2起到细化晶粒的作用,致使电极表面粗糙度增加,增强了电极的电催化性能,且降解过程符合一级动力学模型。     

PM_(2.5)手工法与自动法比对差异及其与气象条件影响关系分析

通过在杭州、衢州和温州三个城市开展PM2.5手工法和自动法比对试验,分析PM2.5手工法和自动法的比对差异及其与气象条件的影响关系,以期为PM2.5自动监测的现场手工比对工作积累一定的经验,确保PM2.5自动监测数据的准确性。     

江西省表层土壤有机碳库储量估算与空间分布特征

土壤中碳较小幅度的变化能引起全球气候较大的变化,而表层土壤有机碳库易受人类活动的影响而发生变化,因此估算土壤有机碳库储量,对土壤碳库变化及土壤固碳潜力的研究具有重大意义.根据2006年江西省各县市典型土壤GPS定点采样样点的理化分析数据计算出有机碳密度并进行空间插值,利用江西省第二次土壤普查相关数据建立土壤空间数据库,结合各土壤类型分布面积,估算表层(0～20 cm)土壤有机碳密度和储量,并探讨其空间分布特征.研究表明:江西省表层土壤平均有机碳密度介于2.655～6.877 kg·m-2之间,有机碳库总储量为640 355.653×106 kg,其中,仅红壤和水稻土的土壤有机碳储量已占90.71%.表层土壤有机碳密度具有高度的空间变异性,赣西、赣东如萍乡、宜春、上饶地区土壤有机碳密度较高,赣南、赣北地区如九江、赣州等地区土壤有机碳密度较低,总体上呈东西走向高,南北走向低的趋势.江西省是一个农业大省,人类干扰下的土壤碳库研究却很少,其碳库动态变化还值得进一步的探讨.     

机械制造业中镀铬工序清洁生产方案研究

通过对机械制造业中某一电镀企业重金属离子铬的产排污情况分析,评价了该企业的清洁生产水平,制定了清洁生产的中高费方案,即将镀铬工序产生的含铬废水蒸发浓缩后,浓缩液进入镀铬槽内进行回用,蒸馏水则回用于水洗槽用作清洗用水。并从技术、环境和经济3个方面进行了评估,环境评估从7个方面进行,如资源与能源、废弃物排放量变化、回收利用情况等,证明该方案实施是可行的,为我国机械制造业中镀铬工序的清洁生产提供了参考依据。     

Temporal variability in atmospheric Hg released from natural and anthropogenic sources in central Taiwan

From September 2011 to February 2012, ambient air particulate and particulate-bound mercury [Hg(p)] concentrations were measured, together with dry deposition using a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) analyser, at two characteristic sampling sites in central Taiwan. Results from the sampling site at Westin Park indicated that the lowest particulate dry deposition and lowest average particulate concentrations in total suspended particles (TSP) occurred in September (29.70±7.47 μ g m^?2×min) and February (34.38±13.60 ng m^?3), respectively. Moreover, results from the Gung-Ming junior high school (airport) site, showed that the highest average particulate dry deposition and average highest particulate concentrations in TSP occurred in February (156.76±30.36 μ g m^?2×min) and January (125.49±9.51 ng m^?3), respectively, during the winter. The Dragon Steel Plant and Han-Shian Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation were both nearby. These factors led to the high Hg(p) concentrations at Taichung Airport (TA) compared with Westin Park. Local large suspended particulates from heavy traffic were the main reason for the high average Hg(p) deposition at Westin Park compared with TA in this study.