基于CVM调查法评估城市公共绿地服务价值 ——以西部省会城市为例

随着人口增长和城市化程度越来越高,作为城市土地利用类型之一的公共绿地往往最容易被改变性质和用途。开展城市公共绿地价值评估,是当前城市规划、绿地保护与建设中迫切需要解决的问题。通过梳理西部城市群中典型的甘青宁3个省会城市的公共绿地存在的主要问题,并采用CVM调查法评估城市公共绿地的服务价值。研究表明：兰州市城市公共绿地提供的生态服务总价值约为 3 324~3 761 万元之间,西宁、银川两市因城市规模相对较小,城市公共绿地提供的生态服务总价值较兰州市略低;分析社会因素对支付意愿的影响,得出职业、收入、性别等变量对支付意愿的正向影响作用较大;比较单位公共绿地面积的生态服务价值产出可以发现,兰州市单位公共绿地面积的生态服务价值产出最高约为1.57~1.77元/m²,兰州市城市公共绿地的生态服务价值产出效率较高。     

化工园区应急物资需求决策模型研究

为实现化工园区高效应急救援,针对化工园区应急物资需求及特点,从基本物资需求量、应急物资消耗量、应急物资损耗量3个方面,构建化工园区应急物资需求优先级指标体系;基于TOPSIS方法对各应急物资需求进行重要性分级排序,设计求解出应急物资需求量的BP神经网络预测模型。以化工园区历史事故案例进行分析,结果表明,BP神经网络应急物资需求预测结果和实际应急物资需求量相差很小,结合TOPSIS方法后的应急物资需求分级决策方案,能有效辅助应急物资的组织和调度,最大限度地发挥应急效用。     

管制员不安全行为干预策略研究

为了制定科学合理的干预策略、防止由管制员导致的两机相撞等不安全事件发生,运用系统动力学方法(SD)构建了管制员不安全行为干预策略模型,以S空管站为例,运用Vensim软件仿真模拟不同安全奖惩政策对管制员不安全行为的干预结果。结果表明:安全奖励政策可以有效干预管制员的差错行为,安全惩罚政策可以有效干预管制员的违章行为;高强度奖励政策-中强度惩罚政策组合干预效果最佳,即当对管制员奖励强度达管制员月薪的3.2倍,惩罚强度达管制员月薪的0.82倍,管制员不安全行为造成的不安全事件率能够降低85.6%。     

泥磷液相催化氧化氮氧化物

采用磷化工行业的固体废物泥磷液相催化氧化氮氧化物。实验结果表明,该方法是可行且有效的。随着温度的升高,泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率提高,当温度达到泥磷熔点时脱硝效率最佳。泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率随固液比的增大而有所下降,而随着NO体积分数和气体流量的增大,泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率呈先升后降的趋势。各因素对脱硝率的影响大小顺序为：气体流量>反应温度>固液比>NO体积分数。在反应温度60 ℃、固液比1∶4、NO体积分数0.03%、气体流量0.3 L/min的最佳工艺条件下,反应160 min的平均脱硝率可达97.38%。     

Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.     

Combined effect of boundary layer recirculation factor and stable energy on local air quality in the Pearl River Delta over southern China

Atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) has a significant impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollutants. In order to gain a better understanding of how ABL affects the variation of air pollutants, atmospheric boundary layer observations were performed at Sanshui in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region over southern China during the winter of 2013. Two types of typical ABL status that could lead to air pollution were analyzed comparatively: weak vertical diffusion ability type (WVDAT) and weak horizontal transportation ability type (WHTAT). Results show that (1) WVDAT was featured by moderate wind speed, consistent wind direction, and thick inversion layer at 600~1000 m above ground level (AGL), and air pollutants were restricted in the low altitudes due to the stable atmospheric structure; (2) WHTAT was characterized by calm wind, varied wind direction, and shallow intense ground inversion layer, and air pollutants accumulated in locally because of strong recirculation in the low ABL; (3) recirculation factor (RF) and stable energy (SE) were proved to be good indicators for horizontal transportation ability and vertical diffusion ability of the atmosphere, respectively. Combined utilization of RF and SE can be very helpful in the evaluation of air pollution potential of the ABL.

Implications: Air quality data from ground and meteorological data collected from radio sounding in Sanshui in the Pearl River Delta showed that local air quality was poor when wind reversal was pronounced or temperature stratification state was stable. The combination of horizontal and vertical transportation ability of the local atmosphere should be taken into consideration when evaluating local environmental bearing capacity for air pollution.     

中国石油污染源普查数据质量控制方法

污染源普查数据是污染源普查成败的重要决定因素和普查成果的主要体现。文章对中国石油在污染源普查过程中发现的数据质量问题进行分析,提出质量控制方法,通过开展技术培训和交流、建立四级联审体系、强化数据审核与质量核查、建章立制严格考核等方法进行全过程质量控制,确保了中国石油污染源普查数据质量达标,普查工作圆满完成。     

Does underweight amplify the relationship between short-term particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study in a metropolis of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Overweight/obesity modified the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure on blood pressure (BP). This study aims to assess whether...     

铁炭微电解强化水解酸化反应器高效处理聚乙烯醇废水

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)退浆废水为研究对象,构建了铁炭微电解强化厌氧生物处理的废水处理系统,对比研究了不同负荷条件下常规水解酸化反应器(R1,无铁炭材料)和铁炭耦合厌氧水解酸化反应器(R2,有铁炭材料)对PVA退浆废水的去除效果、颗粒污泥特性(胞外聚合物(EPS))、挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)组成及微生物群落结构的差异。结果表明:R2出水平均COD去除率和平均PVA去除率分别稳定在86.8%和75.8%,均优于R1;添加铁炭材料可促进丙酸、丁酸转化成乙酸,提高了乙酸产量;R2颗粒污泥紧密黏附EPS(TB-EPS)、松散附着EPS(LB-EPS)含量较R1有所增加,颗粒污泥结构得到优化。高通量测序结果表明,添加铁炭对水解酸化菌群有显著影响,Propionibacteriaceae、Clostridium sensu stricto 12在PVA的降解中起重要作用。综合上述结果,铁炭微电解可有效强化水解酸化反应器对PVA退浆废水的处理效果,研究结果可为厌氧生物法处理PVA退浆废水提供参考。     

基于雷达估算降雨的湖北漳河流域径流模拟研究

本文以湖北省漳河流域为研究对象,从2008-2017年中选取了16次洪水过程(10次过程用于率定参数,6次过程用于检验),分别采用了4种方法进行雷达降雨估算,并将估算结果输入到TOPMODEL和新安江模型进行了径流模拟计算。结果表明:4种雷达降雨估算方法中动态Z-I的平均相对误差最小为8.16%,其次是分组Z-I为20.1%,最优Z-I和经典Z-I分别为29.7%和29.02%;从径流模拟结果来看,动态Z-I效果最佳,分组Z-I次之,最优Z-I和经典Z-I模拟效果相对较差,且TOPMODEL模型的洪峰相对误差和峰现时差比新安江模型的模拟结果要小,新安江模型模拟结果的确定性系数与TOPMODEL模型接近。