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101.
A GIS Framework for Regional Modeling of Riverine Nitrogen Transport: Case Study,San Antonio and Guadalupe Basins 下载免费PDF全文
Ahmad A. Tavakoly David R. Maidment James W. McClelland Tim Whiteaker Zong‐Liang Yang Claire Griffin Cédric H. David Lisa Meyer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(1):1-15
This article presents a framework for integrating a regional geographic information system (GIS)‐based nitrogen dataset (Texas Anthropogenic Nitrogen Dataset, TX‐ANB) and a GIS‐based river routing model (Routing Application for Parallel computation of Discharge) to simulate steady‐state riverine total nitrogen (TN) transport in river networks containing thousands of reaches. A two‐year case study was conducted in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins during dry and wet years (2008 and 2009, respectively). This article investigates TN export in urbanized (San Antonio) vs. rural (Guadalupe) drainage basins and considers the effect of reservoirs on TN transport. Simulated TN export values are within 10 percent of measured export values for selected stations in 2008 and 2009. Results show that in both years the San Antonio basin contributed a larger quantity than the Guadalupe basin of delivered TN to the coastal ocean. The San Antonio basin is affected by urban activities including point sources, associated with the city of San Antonio, in addition to greater agricultural activities. The Guadalupe basin lacks major metropolitan areas and is dominated by rangeland, rather than fertilized agricultural fields. Both basins delivered more TN to coastal waters in 2009 than in 2008. Furthermore, TN removal in the San Antonio and Guadalupe basins is inversely related to stream orders: the higher the order the more TN delivery (or the less TN removal). 相似文献
102.
研究了东海内陆架两个沉积岩芯DH33和KP04中重金属的含量,分析了重金属的累积过程及影响因素,并对不同重金属间的相关性进行了比较,最后利用潜在生态危害指数表征了百年来的生态风险变化。结果表明:东海内陆架沉积物中重金属主要来源于长江的入海携带,因地理位置差异,两岩芯重金属含量变化与长江径流量变化响应程度不同,DH33靠近长江口,响应较好,径流量大的年份重金属含量高;KP04远离长江口,响应较差,浙闽沿岸流和台湾暖流均会对KP04有物源供应。重金属V与Cr、Cr与Ni间相关性良好;As、Hg、Cd 3者与其它金属相关性较差,KP04重金属的含量总体大于DH33,与“粒度律”相矛盾,初步推测KP04站位重金属含量的变化受物源供应和沉积速率共同作用的影响,台湾暖流可能是重要的物源供应途径。生态风险评价结果显示,仅岩芯KP04在1990s和1930s处于“中度污染”级别,且主要是由Hg、Cd、As引起 相似文献
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利用“中和絮凝-电化学还原-混凝-空气吹脱”法对还原棕BR清洁工艺生产废水进行预处理,废水中的重金属污染物得到有效去除,其COD、NH4^ -N、氟化物以度的去除率可分别达到94%、93%、99%及95%,同时提高了废水的可生化性,减轻了后续生化系统的有机负荷和对生物的毒性。重点论述了工艺的作用机理以及最佳操作参数的确定。 相似文献
106.
化学物质对室内空气的污染 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
随着国内人民生活水平的提高,百姓对居室内标准的要求越来越高。装修材料含有一定的有害化学物质,可使室内不同程度地受其污染,直接影响居民的身体健康,这已引起各发达国家和国内有关部门的重视。文章主要就室内化学物质的来源、种类、污染现状和对人体健康的影响作了简要概述,同时还介绍了室内空气中化学物质的简易测试方法。 相似文献
107.
Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Anna Leung Zong Wei Cai Ming Hung Wong 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(1):21-33
The disposal, recycling, and part salvaging of discarded electronic devices such as computers, printers, televisions, and
toys are now creating a new set of waste problems. This study is aimed at identifying the sources and quantifying the pollution
levels generated from electronic waste (e-waste) activities at Guiyu, Guangdong Province, China, and their potential impacts
on the environment and human health. The preliminary results indicate that total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
soil obtained from a printer roller dump site was 593 μg/kg dry weight (dry wt.) and in sediment from a duck pond, the PAH
concentration was 514 μg/kg (dry wt.). Sediment from the Lianjiang River was found to be contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls
(743 μg/kg) at a level approaching three times the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines probable effect level of 277 μg/kg.
Total mono- to hepta-brominated diphenyl ether homologue concentrations (1140 and 1169 μg/kg dry wt.) in soils near dumping
sites were approximately 10–60 times those reported for other polybrominated diphenyl ether-contaminated locations in the
world. In-house study on the open burning of cable wires showed extremely high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans resulting in 12419 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of waste input and 15 610 ng TEQ/kg for two separate
tests, respectively, which were about three orders of magnitude higher than those for the open burning of household waste.
High levels of Cu (712, 528, and 496 mg/kg), exceeding the new Dutch list action value, were determined for soil near the
printer roller dumping area, sediment from Lianjiang River, and soil from a plastic burn site, respectively. A more thorough
study is underway to elucidate the extent of contamination of toxic pollutants in different ecological compartments to establish
whether these pollutants are bioaccumulated and biomagnified through food chains. Assessments of human health impacts from
oral intake, inhalation, and dermal contact will be subsequently investigated.
An erratum to this article is available at. 相似文献
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该文分析了饮用水消毒的现状,提出保持氯消毒不变,用羟基自由基氧化法对饮用水进行后处理,去除氯消毒产生的卤代烃,以提高饮用水的质量。 相似文献
110.
中国沿海地区台风灾害损失评估研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
沿海地区作为人口积聚、国民经济和社会发展的重要区域和战略中心,在台风灾害中遭受的损失往往是惨重和致命的,所以亟待开展沿海地区台风灾害损失评估研究。根据1990-2007年的台风灾情资料,选取代表性指标尝试构建了台风灾情评估模型,并对沿海省市的台风灾害损失及其与致灾因子的关系进行分析评价。结果显示:除个别区域外,沿海地区台风灾害损失都呈下降趋势,但各区域下降的幅度不等,其中浙江省、江苏省和海南省下降幅度较低,均不足10%;浙江省、福建省和广东省18年间平均台风灾害损失较大;上海市以南各区域台风大风和暴雨的频次多、强度大,灾害损失大。 相似文献