杜仲保健醋饮料的研制

介绍了杜仲保健醋饮料的生产工艺,并通过正交试验,探讨了合理的配方和加工技术。     

水质对污水再生絮凝工艺中病原性原虫去除的影响

采用荧光微球模拟隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫(简称两虫),考察了有机物和颗粒物的浓度、组成等水质特性对污水再生处理絮凝工艺中两虫去除特性的影响.结果表明,腐殖酸浓度增加可提高水样中胶体浓度,从而提高对两虫的去除率;而酪氨酸虽然能改变胶体表面性质,但不参与絮凝过程,故对两虫的去除率无明显影响.水样初始浊度对两虫去除率影响较小;但水样中颗粒物的粒径分布,特别是1nm～100μm粒子的比例与对两虫去除效果间存在较好的相关关系.     

膜生物法降解TNT弹药销毁废水的重要影响因素

采用水解酸化一好氧膜生物工艺对弹药销毁废水中TNT进行降解试验研究。结果表明,共代谢外加碳源对TNT的生物降解影响显著。无共代谢外加碳源的情况下,HRT=40h,TNT的去除率仅为53．4％。有共代谢外加碳源的情况下,外加碳源COD与TNT提供COD比值宜大于4．8,系统对TNT的去除率可高达99％。温度对水解酸化影响重大,当温度低于15℃时,水解酸化对TNT去除率低于33．3％,而当温度高于20℃时,水解酸化对TNT的去除率不小于83％。     

基于多指标融合的福建省农用地畜禽粪便环境污染风险评价

基于福建省各县市区畜禽养殖统计数据,融合目前主要的7种农用地畜禽粪便环境污染风险评价方法,开展了基于多指标融合的福建省农用地畜禽粪便环境污染风险评价研究.结果表明:7种风险评价方法的结果在超限量值的县市区分布范围和数量都存在较大的差异.其中以农用地畜禽粪便猪粪当量负荷警报值(磷)为指标的评价结果的超限量值县市区数量最多,共有26个县市区,占总县市区的38.81%;其次是以畜禽养殖密度为指标的评价结果,共有20个县市区超限量值,占总县市区的29.85%;最少的是以农用地畜禽粪便猪粪当量负荷(氮)为指标的评价结果,只有1个县市区超限量值,仅占总县市区的1.49%.宁德市拓荣县是7种风险评价方法中风险最小的县市区,南平市光泽县是6种风险评价方法中风险最大的县市区,漳州市市辖区是1种风险评价方法中风险最大的县市区.基于多指标融合评价方法的结果中超限量值的县市区数为6个,占总县市区的8.96%,其中,风险评价最大值和最小值所在县市区分别为南平市光泽县和宁德市拓荣县.综合上述结果,表明该方法基本反映了7种风险评价方法中的共性问题,能避免采用不同指标所带来的农用地畜禽粪便环境污染风险结果的片面性.研究结果可为农业非点源污染防治、养殖业产业布局规划等提供科学依据.     

From illite/smectite clay to mesoporous silicate adsorbent for efficient removal of chlortetracycline from water

A series of mesoporous silicate adsorbents with superior adsorption performance for hazardous chlortetracycline(CTC) were sucessfully prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction using low-cost illite/smectite(IS) clay,sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate as the starting materials.In this process,IS clay was "teared up" and then "rebuilt" as new porous silicate adsorbent with high specific surface area of 363.52 m~2/g(about 8.7 folds higher than that of IS clay) and very negative Zeta potential(- 34.5 mV).The inert Si- O- Si(Mg,Al) bonds in crystal framework of IS were broken to form Si(Al)- O~- groups with good adsorption activity,which greatly increased the adsorption sites served for holding much CTC molecules.Systematic evaluation on adsorption properties reveals the optimal silicate adsorbent can adsorb 408.81 mg/g of CTC(only 159.7 mg/g for raw IS clay) and remove 99.3%(only 46.5%for raw IS clay) of CTC from 100 mg/L initial solution(pH 3.51;adsorption temperature 30℃;adsorbent dosage,3 g/L).The adsorption behaviors of CTC onto the adsorbent follows the Langmuir isotherm model,Temkin equation and pseudo second-order kinetic model.The mesopore adsorption,electrostatic attraction and chemical association mainly contribute to the enhanced adsorption properties.As a whole,the high-efficient silicate adsorbent could be candidates to remove CTC from the wastewater with high amounts of CTC.     

社会的安全保护与可持续发展

事故、灾害、环境、社会是一个互馈的系统 ,安全科学研究的对象不仅仅是技术安全问题 ,应从狭义的范畴转向广义的范畴。本文分析了事故树与自然灾害系统的结构 ,认为社会安全保护与可持续发展密不可分 ,并提出了建立社会安全保护体系的对策。     

超声-微电解法预处理焦化废水

采用超声-微电解法预处理焦化废水,结果表明,联用处理效果优于超声波法或铁碳微电解法单独处理效果。当反应条件为超声波声功率180 W、曝气量1.5 L/min、投加铁屑量80 g/L、处理时间90 min时,COD去除率可达24%,NH3-N的去除率达30%,挥发酚的去除率达32%。     

2005年9月黄河口淡咸水混合过程中pCO_2变化规律及行为

根据2005年9月黄河口淡-咸水混合过程中表层水体CO2分压(pCO2)和盐度的同步观测资料,对黄河口淡-咸水混合过程中pCO2的变化规律进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明:黄河口pCO2与盐度总体上保持着良好的负相关关系,但在盐度5左右水体pCO2存在亏损现象,这种现象可能是由于河口水体受海水影响,其离子强度突然增加而导致黄河水体中的过饱和碳酸盐发生沉降作用引起的.     

Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Simulated Evapotranspiration and Streamflow over Texas Using the WRF‐Hydro‐RAPID Modeling Framework

This study assesses a large‐scale hydrologic modeling framework (WRF‐Hydro‐RAPID) in terms of its high‐resolution simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow over Texas (drainage area: 464,135 km²). The reference observations used include eight‐day ET data from MODIS and FLUXNET, and daily river discharge data from 271 U.S. Geological Survey gauges located across a climate gradient. A recursive digital filter is applied to decompose the river discharge into surface runoff and base flow for comparison with the model counterparts. While the routing component of the model is pre‐calibrated, the land component is uncalibrated. Results show the model performance for ET and runoff is aridity‐dependent. ET is better predicted in a wet year than in a dry year. Streamflow is better predicted in wet regions with the highest efficiency ~0.7. In comparison, streamflow is most poorly predicted in dry regions with a large positive bias. Modeled ET bias is more strongly correlated with the base flow bias than surface runoff bias. These results complement previous evaluations by incorporating more spatial details. They also help identify potential processes for future model improvements. Indeed, improving the dry region streamflow simulation would require synergistic enhancements of ET, soil moisture and groundwater parameterizations in the current model configuration. Our assessments are important preliminary steps towards accurate large‐scale hydrologic forecasts.