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121.
基于实测资料以长江河口南汇潮滩为例,对传统机制分解法进行改进,将机制分解计算中的含沙量项按悬沙粒径进行分组处理,分为63~250、16~63、4~16、05~4 μm 4个粒径组,对各粒径组泥沙的净输移通量分别进行机制分解计算,分析不同粒径组泥沙的各机制分解项对悬沙净输移通量的贡献。研究表明不同粒级的泥沙其控制输沙的潮滩动力因子不同。相当于粘土类(0.5~3.9 μm)和细粉砂类(3.9~16 μm)粒级的悬移质泥沙,平均流项T1+T2及潮泵项T3+T4+T5对其输移起控制作用;相当于粗粉砂类(16~62.5 μm)和细砂类(62.5~250 μm)粒级的悬移质泥沙,潮泵项T3~T5、潮振荡项T6~T8起控制作用。同时,对不同水深条件下同粒级悬沙净输移通量的机制分解项的比较,当悬沙输移过程由深水进入浅水时,潮泵项的贡献急剧减小,且不受大小潮汛、悬沙颗粒粒级粗细的影响 相似文献
122.
Oil gelling agents are widely used in emergency response of marine oil spills. However, the biological toxicity of oil gelling agents is not well understood. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental safety of oil gelling agents used for rapid removal and cleanup of marine oil spills. We used luminescent bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. RecA) combined with exposure experiment using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) juveniles to detect the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 oil gelling agents. As a result, a certain level of acute toxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent FOA and GMN-01 (the toxicity equivalent to 0.067 mg/L and 0.084 mg/L of HgCl2, respectively), and a certain level of genotoxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent NORSOREX (the toxicity equivalent to 0.307 mg/L of MMC) by the luminescent bacteria test. However, no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity was detected from the above three oil gelling agents in fish-exposure experiments. Our results suggest that the 10 oil gelling agents have no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity to higher organisms (including marine medaka). The luminescent bacteria test is more sensitive in detecting biological toxicity of oil gelling agents. This study provides a reference for environmental safety evaluation of the oil gelling agents used in the cleaning up of the marine oil spills. 相似文献
123.
水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水机理研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用水解酸化-好氧法对经物化预处理的油田废水进行试验研究.当进水COD为190~220 mg·L-1时,水解酸化段和好氧段停留时间均为10h的条件下,出水COD为65~75 mg·L-1,达到GB3550-83第一级Ⅰ类标准.运用GC/MS技术分析油田废水有机污染物在工艺流程中相对组分变化的规律,揭示了水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水过程中的污染物迁移和降解规律.并运用PCR-DGGE技术,考察不同生物反应器内微生物种群及其分布特征,初步确定水解酸化和好氧反应器内的优势菌种. 相似文献
124.
Compared with horizontal motion, there were several characteristics in staircase movement. This study focused on the movement characteristics in staircases of typical student crowds and the quantitative relations of flow rate-speed-density in different dimensions of staircases and different circumstances were obtained. Basic data concerning daily movement when classes were over and an evacuation drill for college students was collected through analysis of video observation. From the analysis, the following conclusions can be given: some typical characteristics of pedestrian movement in staircases were found, such as queuing behavior at platform, merging flow at staircase entrance, and subgroup behavior. Movement on stairs was markedly slower than the horizontal motions. In normal condition, the number and initial speed of students entering the staircase affected observably the pedestrians flow, and the impact of staircase attributes (riser, tread, slope, etc.) cannot be neglected. In different conditions, the characteristics of pedestrian movement were quite different, and the influence of the speed on the density was more significant in the emergency condition. The study highlighted the amassment phenomenon at the bottom of the staircase and the potential influence of stair widths to evacuation efficiency in evacuation drill. 相似文献
125.
Yuanfang Wang Baoyu Gao Qinyan Yue Xiao Zhan Xiaohui Si Chunxiao Li 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):423-431
Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymers with different intrinsic viscosity (η) and cationicity (τ) were synthesized. The flocculation performance and mechanism of these polymers in the removal of the reactive and disperse dyes from synthetic wastewater was investigated in terms of flocculation dynamics and color removal efficiency. The polymer flocculation efficiency was compared with that of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and a composite flocculant based on polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine. The results showed that epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer was effective over a pH range of 2–10 for the reactive and disperse dye removal (Reactive Brilliant Red and Disperse Yellow dyes). Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer with the highest η and τ gave the best reactive dye removal efficiency, and its adsorption-bridging and electric neutralization ability played important roles in the flocculation process. The higher the η viscosity of the epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer, the better the flocculation performance of epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine, and stronger adsorption-bridging ability was obtained for removing the disperse dye from dyeing wastewaters. Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer achieved better decolorization performance when used together with PAC. 相似文献
126.
127.
CometabolicdegradationofveratrylalcoholandbiphenylbywhiterotfungusundernitrogennutritionrichconditionLinLu,DengYaojie,HuJi... 相似文献
128.
129.
镉对鲫鱼鳃和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
使用浸浴法以 0 mg/ L、0 .73 mg/ L、1 .46 mg/ L、2 .95 mg/ L 4个镉 (Cd Cl2 · 2 .5H2 O)浓度为丰产鲫 (Carassiusauratus of Penze(♀ )× Cyprinusacutidorsalis(♂ ) )幼鱼染毒 ,测定了 1 4 4 h内鳃及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性的变化。结果表明 ,低浓度组Cd曝露时 ,鲫鱼鳃和肝组织中 SOD活性的变化短时间内不明显 ,但随着处理时间的延长 ,Cd提高了鳃和肝组织中 SOD的活性 ,导致“毒物兴奋效应”。高浓度组 Cd曝露时均抑制了肝和鳃中的 SOD活性 ,其作用随着曝露时间的延长和浓度的升高而增强 ,SOD酶活性降低所造成的活性氧伤害是引起鲫幼鱼死亡的重要原因。肝组织中的 SOD酶活性和敏感性高于鳃 ,这与其执行的生理功能有关 相似文献
130.