HCl改性沸石和方解石复合覆盖层控制底泥氮磷释放的效果及机理研究

提出了HCl改性沸石和方解石复合覆盖控制底泥氮磷释放的新方法,利用摇床振荡试验和底泥氮磷释放控制模拟试验,设计了5种底泥处理方案,重点针对HCl改性沸石和方解石复合覆盖技术研究了其抑制底泥氮磷释放的效果及机理.结果表明,方解石覆盖层可以较好地抑制底泥磷的释放,而对底泥氨氮释放的抑制效果较差.天然沸石和方解石复合覆盖层不仅可以有效地抑制底泥氨氮的释放,而且可以有效地抑制底泥磷的释放.采用HCl对沸石进行改性,可以提高沸石和方解石复合覆盖层抑制底泥磷释放的效率,模拟期间复合覆盖层对底泥磷释放通量的抑制率由天然沸石的84%提高到HCl改性沸石的91%.采用HCl对沸石进行改性,降低了沸石和方解石复合覆盖系统有效控制底泥氨氮释放的持续时间,与天然沸石相比,相同投加量条件下HCl改性沸石有效控制底泥氨氮释放的持续时间缩短了1/3左右.采用HCl对沸石进行改性增强了复合覆盖系统抑制底泥磷释放效率的机理与HCl改性降低了沸石Na⁺的交换量并提高了沸石H⁺的交换量相关.     

微塑料与铅复合污染对玉米种子萌发与生长的影响

为探明微塑料和重金属复合污染对作物种子萌发与生长的影响,以玉米种子为对象,探究了铅(Pb)和3种微塑料[聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)]不同单一及复合浓度暴露对玉米种子萌发及其生长的影响.结果表明,Pb单一暴露对玉米种子发芽的抑制总体上随其浓度的升高而增强;与CK相比,500、 1 000和1 500 mg·L^-1PE暴露显著抑制玉米种子发芽,100 mg·L^-1和300 mg·L^-1暴露影响不显著(第5 d除外);所有PP浓度暴露均显著抑制玉米种子发芽;相比PP和PE,PVC单一暴露对玉米发芽抑制较轻.Pb和3种微塑料复合暴露均显著抑制玉米种子发芽,随着时间的增长,抑制逐渐减弱.玉米种子的发芽指数、发芽势和活力指数均随着Pb及3种微塑料单一暴露浓度升高而减小,且在Pb和PE复合暴露下较CK显著减小,但在Pb和PP、 Pb和PVC复合暴露下均无显著变化;3种微塑料中,PVC对玉米种子活力影响相对最轻.10 mg·L^-1Pb和100 mg·L^-1的3种微塑料单...     

UV/氯降解铜络合物的特性与机理

本研究选取Cu-EDTA、Cu-NTA、Cu-柠檬酸和Cu-酒石酸4种典型的铜络合物来探讨UV/氯工艺在酸性和中性条件下降解重金属络合污染物的潜力,并以Cu-EDTA为代表物详细考察了[NaClO]_0/[Cu]_0(物质的量比)、初始溶液pH值和NO~-_3、SO■等共存物质对UV/氯破络性能的影响.结果表明,UV/氯对多种铜络合物具有高效的氧化破络能力,可将Cu浓度从初始的19.2 mg·L~(-1)降至1.0 mg·L~(-1)以下.在[NaClO]_0/[Cu]_0为60、初始溶液pH为3.0～5.0的条件下, UV/氯对Cu-EDTA的破络效果较好,Cu和TOC的去除率分别高于95%和70%,但共存的NO~-_3、SO■、Ca~(2+)和NOM对Cu-EDTA的破络有一定抑制作用.自由基捕获实验和竞争动力学研究结果表明,UV/氯通过HO·和Cl·两者的共同作用实现Cu-EDTA破络,在pH=5.0时的贡献分别为60%和40%.产物鉴定结果证明,Cu-EDTA降解为N—C键逐步断裂的脱羧过程,其中,—N—(CH_2—COOH)_2和—N—CH_2—CH_2—N—基团上的N—C键断开生成Cu-ED3A和Cu-NTA,分别贡献约80%和20%.UV/氯对实际络合铜废水仍具有良好的处理效果,Cu浓度由初始的20.4 mg·L~(-1)降至约1.0 mg·L~(-1).     

Pollution characteristics of 15 gas- and particle-phase phthalates in indoor and outdoor air in Hangzhou

Phthalate esters (PAEs), typical pollutants widely used as plasticizers, are ubiquitous in various indoor and outdoor environments. PAEs exist in both gas and particle phases, posing risks to human health. In the present study, we chose four typical kinds of indoor and outdoor environments with the longest average human residence times to assess the human exposure in Hangzhou, including newly decorated residences, ordinary residences, offices and outdoor air. In order to analyze the pollution levels and characteristics of 15 gas- and particle-phase PAEs in indoor and outdoor environments, air and particulate samples were collected simultaneously. The total PAEs concentrations in the four types of environments were 25,396, 25,466.8, 15,388.8 and 3616.2?ng/m³, respectively. DEHP and DEP were the most abundant, and DMPP was at the lowest level. Distinct variations in the distributions of indoor/outdoor, gas/particle-phase and different molecular weights of PAEs were observed, showing that indoor environments were the main sources of PAEs pollution. While most PAEs tended to exsit in indoor sites and gas-phase, the high-molecular-weight chemicals tended to exist in the particle-phase and were mainly found in PM_2.5. PAEs were more likely adsorbed by small particles, especially for the indoor environments. There existed a good correlation between the particle matter concentrations and the PAEs levels. In addition, neither temperature nor humidity had obvious effects on the distributions of the PAEs concentrations.     

Structure and function of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial community respond differently to elevated ozone in field-planted wheat

To assess the responses of the soil microbial community to chronic ozone(O_3), wheat seedlings(Triticum aestivum Linn.) were planted in the field and exposed to elevated O_3(e O_3)concentration. Three treatments were employed:(1) Control treatment(CK), AOT40 = 0;(2) O_3-1, AOT40 = 1.59 ppm·h;(3) O_3-2, AOT40 = 9.17 ppm·h. Soil samples were collected for the assessment of microbial biomass C, community-level physiological profiles(CLPPs), and phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs). EO_3 concentration significantly reduced soil microbial carbon and changed microbial CLPPs in rhizosphere soil, but not in non-rhizosphere soil.The results of the PLFAs showed that e O_3 concentrations had significant effects on soil community structure in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. The relative abundances of fungal and actinomycetous indicator PLFAs decreased in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, while those of bacterial PLFAs increased. Thus the results proved that e O_3 concentration significantly changed the soil microbial community function and composition, which would influence the soil nutrient supply and carbon dynamics under O_3 exposure.     

废弃电路板中环氧树脂真空热解规律的研究

真空条件下,应用程序升温管式电炉对废弃电路板中环氧树脂热解规律进行了研究.考察了不同的热解终温(200～700 ℃)、升温速率(5～30 ℃/min)、真空度(以压力表征,3～30 kPa)及保温时间(10～150 min)对热解产物产率的影响.实验结果表明,热解终温是影响热解油产率最重要的因素;选择适当的热解终温(400～550 ℃)、升温速率(15～20 ℃/min)、真空度(15 kPa)及保温时间(30 min)有利于提高热解油产率.     

涡漩水流对混凝沉淀效果影响的研究

应用粒子图象测速技术，建立了研究往复隔板絮凝池涡漩流场的室内测试系统，对往复隔板絮凝池拐弯处水流涡漩运动进行了研究，运用粒子图象测速技术，可进行多点同步测量，获得速度随时间变化的平面和空间分布，因该技术是非常接触式的，不干扰流场，故提高了可靠性，使用量测系统软件，对不同方案的涡漩运动进行了分析，并对混凝沉淀效果进行了比较。     

高级氧化技术在废水处理中的应用研究进展

探讨了高级氧化技术（Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄ Ｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ，即ＡＯＰｓ）如：Ｏ３／Ｈ２Ｏ２Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂均相湿式催化氧化；Ｈ２Ｏ２／ＵＶ、Ｏ３／ＵＶ、Ｏ３／Ｈ２Ｏ２／ＵＶ均相光催化氧化；多相湿式催化氧化，多相光催化氧化，多相催化和生化氧化等过程处理废水及其反应机理，论述了ＡＯＰｓ技术在工业废水处理方面的研究进展。     

利用生态池净化玉泉景点富营养化水的研究

在人工湿地的基础上建立生态池，来净化杭州植物园玉泉观鱼景点观鱼池富营养化水质。结果表明该生态池在每年的不同季度内对总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（CODMn）、五日生化需氧量（BOD5）、溶解氧（DO）、浊度（TURB）、电导率（COND）均有较好的改善和净化效果，对硝态氮（NO3-N）的净化能力稍弱；总氮和氨氮的去除率在夏季最高，分别达到26．6％和87．7％，总磷在春季的去除率最高，为56．3％，硝态氮、CODMn和BOD5在秋季去除率最高，分别为8．05％、65．9％和73．9％。生态池的净化出水水质略低于地下水，但可以替代地下水来给养鱼池换水，为解决景区富营养化水质提供了一个好的途径。     

沱江水质污染特征及防治对策

本文以沱江水质监测资料为依据,揭示了沱江水质污染特征及其时空变化视律。针对沱江存在的水环境问题,从宏观上提出了防治水质污染的对策。