昆明市城市污水污泥的肥效及其资源化利用

目前昆明市处理城市污水３６．５万ｍ＾３／ｄ，同时产生污泥１３０ｔ／ｄ，至２０００年，污泥的数量还会增加至２２０ｔ／ｄ左右，如处置不当，极易造成二次污染。通过污泥成分分析，发现污泥中含有植物生长所需的大量营养元素，可用于花卉园林栽培，既满足了日益发展的园林产业的需要，又为污泥的消纳和利用找到一条合理的途径。     

四环素类抗生素生产废水处理技术进展

四环素类抗生素是临床上广泛运用的广谱抗生素。其生产废水属于高浓度有机废水，pH值较低，成分复杂，有机物、溶解性和胶体性固体、悬浮物含量较高，含有难降解物质和有抑制菌作用的四环素类抗生素及其中间代谢产物。可生化性较差，井具有一定的生物毒性。综述了近年来四环素类抗生素生产废水治理方法的研究进展，介绍了国内外此类废水治理的各种物化处理和生物处理方法及其应用，并提出以后亟待解决的问题。     

利用参数化CAD技术实现产品的快速与多品种开发

从应用角度对参数化CAD设计的必要性、现状和基本概念进行了介绍 ,论述了参数化设计的实现途径及其在轻钢龙骨产品开发中的作用 ,对企业的产品开发具有指导意义。     

环保科研如何走向市场

论述了环保科研要适应市场经济的需要,转变观念,走向市场,并由市场来引导科研的几点措施和途径。提出了要制定有关政策,为环保科研走向市场创造良好的内外部环境和必要条件,促使环保科研成果更快地转化为生产力,并产生效益,来增强环保科研本身的活力。     

环境成本内在化对港口可持续发展的影响

在叙述了港口可持续发展及港口环境成本内在化的含义的基础上 ,提出港口环境成本内在化对港口可持续发展的影响。     

Long-term variation in surface ozone and its precursors in Athens,Greece

INTENTION, GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Photochemical pollution is a very complex process involving meteorological, topographic, emission and chemical parameters. The most important chemical mechanisms involved in the atmospheric process have already been identified and studied. However, many unknown parameters still exist because of the large number of participating chemical reactions. OBJECTIVE: The present study investigates the processes involved in the photochemical pollution effect of an urban station located in the greater area of the Athens basin and gives a plausible explanation for the different seasonal ozone development between that station and another rural one. Furthermore, the distribution of the mean monthly surface ozone observed at the urban station during 1987-2001 is examined in order to create a relevant forecasting tool. METHODS: Averaged hourly data of O3 and NOx observations monitored at the above mentioned stations, during 1987-2001, have been used in order to derive the daytime (7:00-15:00) values. Trajectories calculated by using a 2D-trajectory code and meteorological data, during the period 1988-1996, have also been used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: At the urban station, the percentage negative trend of NO and NOx data in winter and summer is higher than that in spring and autumn, while the percentage ozone trend is maximum in the summer. On the contrary, the negative surface ozone trend at the rural station exhibits a minimum in summer and a maximum in autumn and winter. The mean seasonal wind-rose for the selected months shows that the northward wind flow dominates during June, the month of the lowest negative ozone trend in the rural station. Finally, the development of the forecasting tool shows that the mean monthly surface ozone data during the period (1987-2001) demonstrates a semi-log distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Air transport effect on the air pollution of the rural station (not blocked by mountains) is deduced as a possible reason for the different seasonal ozone development observed between the rural and the urban station. Finally, the discrepancies between the theoretical probabilities deduced by the model and the empirical ones appear to be very small, and the corresponding correlation coefficient is 0.99. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: However, to interpret the aforementioned statistical results about the negative trends in ozone and its precursors, additional parameters can be taken into account. Changes in NOx concentrations, for instance, can result not only from changes in emissions or meteorological conditions. There might also be a contribution through changes in the atmospheric composition. A study of the contribution of changes in atmospheric composition to trends of observed NOx concentrations requires that a series of steps be taken (removal of meteorological influence in the time series, calculation of trends in OH concentrations, etc.).     

The enhanced PC and PEC oxidation of formic acid in aqueous solution using a Cu-TiO2/ITO film

The photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity of Cu-TiO2/ITO films for degrading formic acid in aqueous solution was investigated in this study. Compared with a TiO2/ITO film, the degradation efficiency of formic acid on the Cu-TiO2 films increased markedly in both the PC and PEC oxidation processes. However, it was found that the photodeposited Cu metal on the Cu-TiO2 films could electrochemically dissolute during the PEC reaction, while an electrical bias with the voltage higher than 1.48 V was applied. It is believed this is a common problem occurred for several metals deposition on the TiO2 films, which results in a poor stability of the metal-deposited TiO2 electrode in PEC processes. To improve the stability of the Cu-TiO2 electrode, an alternative process between PC and PEC reactions was investigated. It was found that the dissolute Cu metal during the PEC process was re-deposited on the Cu-TiO2 film again during the PC process. The experiments with repeated runs demonstrated that this alternative process could not only overcome the loss of Cu, but also enhance the PEC oxidation efficiency of the Cu-TiO2 films.     

铁炭微电池电解填充流化床反应器水力学行为研究

本文提出了一种新型的铁炭微电池电解反应器———填充流化床反应器 ,并对该反应器的水力学行为进行了研究。通过床层压降法测定临界流化气速 ,建立了关于临界流化气速Uc 的经验关联式 :Uc=0 .0 15 6C0 .2 7Vt0 .14 H0 .31。通过脉冲示踪物信号法测得停留时间分布密度函数E(t) ,结果表明该反应器水力混合特性接近于完全混合反应器     

Some characteristics of plutonium distribution in the atmospheric air and plants in the zone surrounding the Mayak Production Association

The results of long-term studies on plutonium distribution in the atmospheric air and plants in the area surrounding the Mayak Production Association in the years 1976–1995 are summarized. Data are presented on the changes in plutonium concentration in the air overtime at some points located in the survey zone and the impact zone of the industrial enterprise as compared to those in the control region. In addition, data on the changes in air plutonium concentration depending on the season and direction of wind are presented; the ratios between plutonium concentrations in the air and the fallout are analyzed.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 1, 2005, pp. 20–25.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Chudin, Shcherbakova, Maslovskii, Kocheva, Iovlev, Denisenko, Demin, Mamin, Chebotina.     

退役工业固废填埋场地再利用的全寿命环境风险特征

通过现场采样和过程模型模拟等方法研究了典型退役工业固废填埋场地（DISWL）原位开发条件下的健康风险及长期演化规律.结果表明,经过近20a的浸出和降解,86%的废物浸出浓度依然处于有害水平,70%的废物不宜直接作为建设用地土壤.直接作为建筑用地开发利用条件下,由于DISWL的性能退化会导致有害组分的浸出和渗漏增加,由此导致地下水水质超标概率经历从无（短期）到有（中期,个别物质如总氰化物T-CN和易释放氰化物F-CN）,再到后期的较大概率超标（T-CN和F-CN）的渐变过程;同时,场地利用过程的健康风险也逐步增加,来自于As的致癌风险和自于T-CN的非致癌风险,分别超过风险可接受水平的81~179倍和55.32~224.3倍.上述结果提示DISWL场地开发再利用的风险评估和管控策略应重点考虑长期风险.对于长期风险不可接受的场地,通过降低废物中毒性物质的浸出浓度可实现长期风险可接受,并提出了相应浸出浓度限值的计算框架和方法.