Ozonation of azo dye Acid Red 14 in a microporous tube-in-tube microchannel reactor: decolorization and mechanism

Despite the great success of time-weighted average passive sampling of hydrophobic contaminants, such as PCBs and PAHs, the sampling of polar organic compounds still presents a challenge because the equilibrium between water and most sampling phases is attained in a relatively short time. In this study, we proposed a new time-integrative sampler using in situ solvent extraction (TISIS) for polar organic chemicals. The sampler was composed of a 15 cm poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) tubing, with an internal diameter of 0.5 mm and wall thickness of 0.5 mm, through which an extraction solvent (acetonitrile) was passed. Four polar organic contaminants, caffeine, atrazine, diuron and 17α-ethynylestradiol, were chosen for the evaluation of the performance of the sampler. Without the use of in situ solvent extraction, the PDMS tubing when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration of the four model compounds was able to linearly accumulate those compounds for less than 12 h and equilibrium between the PDMS tubing and water was attained in 2 d under our laboratory conditions. However, TISIS when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration was able to linearly accumulate all the model compounds without any exposure time limitation. The measured sampling rates at three different extraction flow rates (0.2, 0.5, 1.5 mL min⁻¹) were similar, regardless of the chemicals, indicating that the overall mass transfer from aqueous solution to the extraction solvent was most likely dominated by partitioning to the PDMS tubing and the internal diffusion within PDMS. In addition, a pulsed exposure experiment confirmed that TISIS operated in a time-integrative mode when the environmental concentration was highly fluctuated.     

气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理原水的影响

针对从臭氧-活性炭工艺中开发出来的预臭氧-曝气生物活性炭,在不同气水比工况下进行实验,分析了不同气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理微污染原水的影响与作用。结果表明:在滤速为8～12 m/h,空床接触时间为11.5～15.4 min,装填密度为510 g/L条件下,不同气水比对去除氨氮的影响大于对CODMn的影响。气水比为0.3∶1时,对氨氮浓度为1.65～2.10 mg/L范围的进水平均去除率为81.9%,亚硝酸盐氮平均积累率为1.4%,CODMn去除率为70.6%。当气水比逐渐增加时,氨氮平均去除率有所提高,亚硝酸盐氮积累率则有所下降,对较低浓度的CODMn影响不大。     

葡萄酒副产品深度利用的研究进展

介绍了葡萄皮渣、葡萄籽、酒脚的深度利用途径：葡萄皮渣可用于酿酒、酿醋、提取色素和多酚、吸附重金属;葡萄籽可以提取葡萄籽油、葡萄籽蛋白和抗氧化物质;酒脚可以提取酒石酸盐。开展葡萄酒副产品的深度利用,不仅可以获得良好的经济效益,而且可有效减轻环保压力,获得巨大的社会效益。     

微生物降解拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的研究进展

随着拟除虫菊酯类农药使用量不断增加,产生的农药残留问题对生态环境和人类健康造成了危害.对降解拟除虫菊酯类农药的微生物种类、降解酶和降解机制及降解酶基因克隆和构建工程菌等方面进行综述,旨在为研究和开发微生物降解拟除虫菊酯类农药残留提供参考.     

丙溴磷在稻田环境中的残留动态研究

确立了气相色谱法测定丙溴磷残留量的检测方法.采用该方法,丙溴磷在土壤、植株、糙米、稻壳和田水中的平均添加回收率为87.2％～103.6％,变异系数为3.20％～11.50％,最低检测质量浓度:田水为0.005 mg/kg;土壤、植株、糙米和稻壳为0.050 mg/kg.残留动态研究表明,丙溴磷在田水、植株和土壤中的半衰...     

Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics in outdoor and indoor environments of Nanchang, China, during summer 2009

A study of carbonaceous aerosol was initiated in Nanchang, a city in eastern China, for the first time. Daily and diurnal (daytime and nighttime) PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =2.5 microm) samples were collected at an outdoor site and in three different indoor environments (common office, special printing and copying office, and student dormitory) in a campus of Nanchang University during summer 2009 (5-20 June). Daily PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =10 microm) samples were collected only at the outdoor site, whereas PM2.5 samples were collected at both indoor and outdoor sites. Loaded PM2.5 and PM10 samples were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) by thermal/optical reflectance following the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments-Advanced (IMPROVE-A) protocol. Ambient mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nanchang were compared with the air quality standards in China and the United States, and revealed high air pollution levels in Nanchang. PM2.5 accounted for about 70% of PM10, but the ratio of OC and EC in PM2.5 to that in PM10 was higher than 80%, which indicated that OC and EC were mainly distributed in the fine particles. The variations of carbonaceous aerosol between daytime and nighttime indicated that OC was released and formed more rapidly in daytime than in nighttime. OC/EC ratios were used to quantify secondary organic carbon (SOC). The differences in SOC and SOC/OC between daytime and nighttime were useful in interpreting the secondary formation mechanism. The results of (1) OC and EC contributions to PM2.5 at indoor sites and the outdoor site; (2) indoor-outdoor correlation of OC and EC; (3) OC-EC correlation; and (4) relative contributions of indoor and outdoor sources to indoor carbonaceous aerosol indicated that OC indoor sources existed in indoor sites, with the highest OC emissions in I2 (the special printing and copying office), and that indoor EC originated from outdoor sources. The distributions of eight carbon fractions in emissions from the printer and copier showed obviously high OC1 (>20%) and OC2 (approximately 30%), and obviously low EC1-OP (a pyrolyzed carbon fraction) (<10%), when compared with other sources.     

La-Ce-attapulgite催化分解NO的研究

采用化学共混法制备系列La-Ce-attapulgite催化剂,并在固定床反应器中进行NO催化分解性能测试.实验考察了稀土加入量、La/Ce配比、共混液pH值和催化剂的活化煅烧温度等制备条件对催化剂脱硝性能的影响.结果表明:稀土加入量为2%,共混液pH=7,La/Ce比值为LaxCe(1-x)(x=0.5),煅烧温度4...     

主成分分析法在水节霉生长水体水质评价中的应用

基于SPSS主成分分析法对海浪河流域水节霉生长水体水质进行评价.在12月份,对海浪河流域10个断面的水质指标进行评价,结果表明,英雄桥和斗银河口断面污染较严重,主要污染物为氮和有机物,其余断面水质较好,基本满足功能需求;同时对水节霉惟一生长地河夹村大坝连续进行6个月的水质监测,结果表明,在冰封期的1～2月份,该断面污染...     

A2/O-MBR工艺处理印染废水中试研究

将平板微滤膜与A2/O工艺结合构建了A2/O-MBR中试系统,探讨了中试系统处理印染废水的效果及稳定性.结果表明,水解酸化可提高印染废水的可生化性,对COD平均去除率达到了43%.系统处理效果稳定,在最佳工况下COD、NH3-H和TN的去除率分别为88%、98%和80%.     

树脂-气升式环流生物反应器的脱氮性能

为了提高废水生物处理过程的脱氮性能,设计了树脂-气升式环流生物反应器,通过实验考察了该反应器连续抗氨氮冲击的能力,并验证了反应器中吸附铵离子的强酸阳离子树脂生物再生的可行性,分析了生物再生机理。结果表明,原水中铵离子之外的阳离子的存在是实现树脂生物再生的关键。