苏州河上海市区段表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及特征

参照美国EPA8000系列方法、质量保证和质量控制,对苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物中16种优控多环芳烃类有机物(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物均受到了很大程度的污染,其中处于市区中段的昌化路桥、西康路桥和长寿路桥断面的PAHs含量较高,处于黄浦江入口附近的四川路桥、河南路桥和福建路桥断面的含量较低.同时发现,近十几年来苏州河沉积物中的PAHs含量和成分发生了一定的变化,对其原因作了初步探讨.     

GC-MS在电子束辐照降解甲苯中的应用

用甲苯作为挥发性有机化合物的代表物质,建立了活性炭吸附-二硫化碳解吸气相色谱-质谱分析方法,对电子束辐照甲苯的静态实验和动态实验进行了定性、定量分析。实验结果表明：电子束辐照能有效地降解甲笨,其降解率随吸收剂量的增加而增大;同时,甲苯降解过程中也会生成部分有毒有害物质。该分析方法的检出限为0．02mg／L,工作曲线的线性范围为10～1000mg／L,相关系数为0．9998,活性炭吸附、解吸甲苯的加标回收率大于90％。     

Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong,China: implication for human health

This study was designed to investigate heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) contamination levels of soils, vegetables, and rice grown in the vicinity of the Dabaoshan mine, south China. The concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in paddy soil exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for Chinese agricultural soil. The heavy metal concentrations (mg kg⁻¹, dry weight basis) in vegetables ranged from 5.0 to 14.3 for Cu, 34.7 to 170 for Zn, 0.90 to 2.23 for Pb, and 0.45 to 4.1 for Cd. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in rice grain exceeded the maximum permissible limits in China. Dietary intake of Pb and Cd through the consumption of rice and certain vegetable exceeded the recommended dietary allowance levels. The status of heavy metal concentrations of food crops grown in the vicinity of Dabaoshan mine and their implications for human health should be further investigated.     

镉胁迫对龙葵幼苗光合特性和营养元素吸收的影响

采用模拟镉污染土壤培养法研究了镉对龙葵(Solarium nigrum L)幼苗光合特性及营养元素吸收的影响.结果表明:镉处理显著降低龙葵幼苗叶片色素含量.T1-T4镉处理下,龙葵叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量的降幅分别为4.53%～32.39%、5.12%～29.89%和4.54%～19.82%0随镉处理浓度的增加,龙葵幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈下降趋势,T1-T4镉处理下,分别较对照(CK)下降6.01%～61.71%、17.94%～55.32%和17.68%～68.10%,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则增加8.19%～30.04%.同时,可变荧光和最大荧光之比(Fv/Fm)显著降低.镉处理还导致龙葵植株营养元素吸收紊乱.镉促进龙葵叶片和根系K吸收,对Na吸收影响不显著.同时,镉促进根系Mg吸收,但抑制其向地上部转运.低浓度镉处理促进叶片Ca吸收.龙葵根、茎、叶Zn含量随镉处理浓度的提高均表现为低促高抑.根系Cu吸收随镉浓度提高而增加,叶片先增后降,各器官Fe含量随镉浓度提高逐渐降低,而根系Mn含量受镉抑制.     

从工业废液中回收镍钴合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNixCo1-xO2

探索了从废液中回收镍钻在空气气氛下合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNixCo1-xO2的方法和工艺。结果表明,合成材料的充放电性能都比较好,LiNo0.3Co0.7O2在600℃6h→750℃16h时制得的产物初始充电容量达到154．938mAh/g,接近用分析纯的镍钴原料合成的正极材料LiNi0.3Co0.7O2的首次充电容量（156．146mAh/g）。采用镍钴废液合成锂离子电池正极材料,化害为利,经济可行。     

剩余活性污泥制复合肥

石油化工污水处理过程中产生的剩余活性污泥处理是环保工作中的一大难题 ,通过对污泥成分、肥效的分析及对活性污泥制肥的工艺简介 ,阐明了剩余活性污泥制复合肥技术的可行性和广阔前景     

New insights into eutrophication management: Importance of temperature and water residence time

Eutrophication and harmful cyanobacterial blooms threaten water resources all over the world. There is a great controversy about controlling only phosphorus or controlling both nitrogen and phosphorus in the management of lake eutrophication. The primary argument against the dual nutrients control of eutrophication is that nitrogen fixation can compensate the nitrogen deficits. Thus, it is of great necessary to study the factors that can significantly affect the nitrogen fixation. Due to the dif...     

Removal capacity and pathways of phenolic endocrine disruptors in an estuarine wetland of natural reed bed

Phenolic compounds are partly known as endocrine disruptors with various harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis at very low concentrations. Consequently, the pathways and removal of these compounds in natural and artificial sewage treatment systems such as wetlands have received wide concern. In this paper, a natural reed bed wetland with an area of 695 ha located in the Liaohe River estuary in Northeast China was employed as a demonstration site to study the retention and removal efficiency of phenolic compounds including 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), and to evaluate their purification capacity via water and mass balance analyses during an irrigation period from May 9 to September 8, 2009. The results showed that the phenolic compounds could be retained in the wetland system and removed through various processes. On average, 27.5% of phenolic compounds could be retained by the wetland substrate during the initial three-day irrigation period with a retention capacity order of 4-t-OP > 4-NP > BPA > DCP. During the following 120 d irrigation period, the phenolic compounds could be efficiently removed with an average percentage of 91.6%. It is estimated that 1.76 kg d⁻¹ of phenolic compounds could be removed by the Liaohe River estuarine wetland (∼8 × 10⁴ ha). The reed bed wetland system therefore provides a feasible mitigation option for phenolic pollutants in sewage and wastewater.     

Energy intensity trends and scenarios for China��s industrial sectors: a regional case study

Due to its rapid industrialization and urbanization, China faces the daunting challenge of sharply growing energy and resource consumption. It is now indispensable for the nation to alter its course of development into more sustainable paths in terms of energy and resource efficiency. In this paper, we discuss the energy intensity of the industrial sectors of the Yangtze River Delta, consisting of Shanghai City and the neighboring province of Jiangsu—the fastest economically developing region of the country—and argue possible strategies for energy efficient industrial activities there. We first examine the historical trends of energy intensity associated with industrial sectors and study the factors affecting the evolution of these trends by applying decomposition analysis. We then argue that if “business as usual” (BAU) development patterns are continued, energy intensity level in both regions may surpass China’s policy targets in 2010, and GDP growth as well as energy consumption will exceed possible pathways under current policy targets by 2020. Thus, appropriate measures are urgently needed to lower energy intensity and consumption. Based upon these analyses as well as the Chinese government’s policy orientation, we propose two options as alternative scenarios for improving practices in energy-intensive industries, particularly targeting the cement and steel production sectors. These options are: (1) diffusion of highly energy efficient technologies into these industries, and (2) promotion of a circular economy and industrial symbiosis. We highlight that these options can potentially lead to energy savings and reductions in resource consumption associated with industrial activities and can serve as a regional model for more sustainable industrial activities in China.     

臭氧氧化对ASBR/SBR工艺SBR段污泥和上清液的性质影响

研究了臭氧氧化对ASBR/SBR工艺中SBR段污泥性质和上清液的影响.结果表明,当臭氧投加量为0～0.349 g O3/g MLSS时,随着施加臭氧浓度的不断增加,MLSS、MLVSS和污泥的生物活性明显降低,但污泥的沉淀性却增强了.污泥上清液中,TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、PO43--P和多糖浓度均随着臭氧投加...