洱海沙坪湾湖滨带不同植被带中细菌分布特征

湖滨带是湖泊保护的重要屏障,其不同植被带中的细菌对入湖污染物降解起重要作用.为研究不同植被带中的细菌分布,以洱海沙坪湾湖滨带为研究对象,采用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序方法,对其中AG(乔草植被带)、EP(挺水植被带)、SP(沉水植被带)和UV(无植被带)的土壤或沉积物中的细菌多样性和群落结构进行研究.结果表明:湖滨带植被带中细菌种类丰富,共有54个门、106个纲、192个目、334个科和503个属被检测到,细菌的OTUs从高到低依次为EP(3 162个)、AG(2 926个)、UV(2 709个)和SP(2 427个),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数从高到低依次为EP(10.14)、AG(9.75)、SP(9.44) 和UV(9.26);湖滨带植被带中主要细菌类群是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(AG,48.55%;EP,47.83%;SP,40.36%;UV,44.00%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(AG,19.30%;EP,5.31%;SP,5.67%;UV,6.30%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(AG,6.01%;EP,8.24%;SP,3.96%;UV,13.13%)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)(AG,3.98%;EP,8.91%;SP,8.95%;UV,7.59%),主要类群在不同植被带中占比不同;植被带类型对细菌的群落结构特征影响不大,但对细菌种群的多样性影响较大.典型对应分析(CCA)结果显示,w(TP)、pH和w(OM)(OM为有机质)是影响不同植被带细菌种群结构的主要环境因子.      

城市生态文明建设评价指标体系构建

城市作为人类环境问题和危机产生的重要策源地,建立反映城市生态环境问题和生态文明建设状态的评价指标体系,依据评价结论,指导城市生态文明建设十分必要。文章在城市作为社会—经济—自然复合人工生态系统的理论基础上,分析了社会生态亚系统、经济生态亚系统及自然生态亚系统相互作用关系和城市生态系统主要生物成分组成、结构与功能关系,系统的构建了符合中国国情的城市生态文明评价指标体系。该体系以生态经济、生态环境质量、生态社会为评价要素,下设12个一级指标及42个二级指标,为评价中国城市生态文明建设水平提供科学依据。     

石化企业高压开关柜状态监测系统设计

针对石化企业高压开关柜数量众多、故障率较高的现状,提出基于高压开关柜触头温升、断路器动作特性综合状态监测系统的设计思路,阐述了触头温升监测单元采用Zigbee无线通讯、自举电源供电的集成式数字测温传感器,断路器动作特性单元选用直线式位移传感器、闭环霍尔电流互感器、穿芯式电流互感器等关键要素,介绍了开关柜故障诊断系统的功能模块。该监测系统可以识别开关柜的基本故障类型,预测设备的发展趋势,对于保证石化装置供电安全具有重要意义。     

石化行业挥发性有机物源强核算及LDAR技术的应用研究

石化行业排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)是引发大气环境问题的重要污染物,有效控制VOCs的排放已经成为现阶段中国大气环境治理领域中的热点问题.泄漏检测与修复技术(LDAR)是发现和修复工艺装置泄漏的一种源项控制技术.通过对LDAR技术的文献及石化行业的应用调研,总结了LDAR技术国内外应用进展,挥发性有机物源强的核算方法,重点介绍了LDAR技术在石化行业开展的实施流程及潜在的效益.对石化行业开展泄漏检测与修复工作,减少挥发性有机物无组织的排放起到借鉴作用.     

宇宙线辐射对人类健康的影响

介绍了宇宙线辐射对人类在不同生活环境和活动空间中所致的剂呈，估计了航空机组人员受到宇线照射潜在的危险性，并作出了卫生学评价。     

How water saving irrigation contributes to climate change resilience—a case study of practices in China

A warming climate system is now an indisputable fact. An effective response to climate change should include both mitigation and adaptation. Water is essential to human survival and social development. But the shortage of water resources is a worldwide problem, which in China has been exacerbated by climate change. In order to find out how to cope with climate change successfully, this study, on the basis of China statistical data 2007–2009, quantitatively analyzes the role of water saving irrigation (WSI) in addressing climate change. The study shows that water saving irrigation (WSI) can serve as a useful enabler in dealing with climate change. From the perspective of mitigation, the 3-year total CO₂ emission reduction stands at 34.67 (21.83 ~ 47.48) Mt, about per year 11.56(7.28 ~ 15.83)Mt. From the perspective of adaptation, the total water saved from 2007 to 2009 stands at 96.85 (61.81 ~ 129.66) Gm³. If per unit farmland irrigation takes a 3-year average of agricultural water consumption, the water saved in 2009 is enough to irrigate additional 5.70 (3.80 ~ 7.80) Mhm², or to increase the grain yield by 22.04 (14.68 ~ 30.15) Gt. In addition, WSI can reduce soil salinization and conserve soil to sustain land productivity and environmental benefits. So WSI can be a positive measure in coping with climate change when it is rightly deployed. However, the costs and local context of such practices call for further studies.     

Microalgae cultivation using an aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production

Microalgae as a main feedstock has attracted much attention in recent years but is still not economically feasible due to high algal culture cost. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive eco-friendly technology for cultivating microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis using aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production. Platymonas subcordiformis was grown in pretreated flounder aquaculture wastewaters taken from different stages. Each of wastewater contained different levels of nutrients. The biomass yield of microalgae and associated nitrogen and phosphorous removal were investigated. The results showed that algal cell density increased 8.9 times than the initial level. Platymonas subcordiformis removed nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater with an average removal efficiency of 87%–95% for nitrogen and 98%–99% for phosphorus. It was feasible to couple the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater to algal biomass and biofuel production. However, further studies are required to make this technologies economically viable for algae biofuel production.     

西南生态脆弱带土地资源可持续利用探讨

在介绍西南生态脆弱带现状的基础上,分析了贵州省生态环境和土地利用存在的问题及根源,有针对性地提出了实现该生态脆弱带土地资源可持续利用以改善生态环境的对策建议。对西南的生态环境、土地利用存在问题以及造成这种问题原因的粗浅分析,并以贵州省为例,系统化、数据化的将贵州生态环境现状呈现出来,从自然因素、人为因素两大方面入手,深入的剖析了造成贵州、乃至整个西南地区经济落后的原因,提出了一些建议,总结了几点解决西南现状的对策,利用山区优势,加快山区生态农业建设,使经济呈良性循环,同时也极大的利用了山区的自然资源,使其达到土地资源持续利用的效果。