个体防护装备管理软件的研制与开发

使用个体防护装备是为了预防工伤事故和职业病而采取的一项预防措施,关系到每个一线职工在生产作业过程中的安全与健康,因此个体防护装备必须按时、按量、及时发放到职工手中.但由于个人防护涉及的对象多、工种繁杂、标准不一,这就给个体防护装备的发放管理带来了许多困难.多年来个体防护装备的管理一直沿用手工建立各种帐册的方法,使这项工作效率低,时有漏发、晚发的问题.为此,我们研制开发了““个体防护装备管理““软件,经过一年多的使用,效果良好.     

A comparison of antibiotics,antibiotic resistance genes,and bacterial community in broiler and layer manure following composting

Animal manure is an important source of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. However, the difference of antibiotic residues and ARG profiles in layer and broiler manure as well as their compost remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the profiles of twelve antibiotics, seventeen ARGs, and class 1 integrase gene (intI1) in layer and broiler manure, and the corresponding compost at large-scale. Compared with layer manure, broiler manure exhibited approximately six times more residual tetracyclines, especially chlortetracycline. The relative abundances of qnrS and ermA genes in broiler manure were significantly higher than those in layer manure. The concentration of tetracyclines not only had a significantly positive correlation with tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetC) but was also positively correlated with quinolone resistance (qepA, qnrB, and qnrS) and macrolide resistance (ermA and ermT). Most ARGs in manure were reduced after composting. However, the relative abundance of sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 increased up to 2.41% after composting, which was significantly higher than that of broiler (0.41%) and layer (0.62%) manure. The associated bacterial community was characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relative abundances of thermophilic bacteria had significant positive correlations with the abundance of sul1 in compost. The composting has a significant impact on the ARG-associated gut microbes in poultry manure. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that the change of bacterial community compositions and antibiotics contributed partially to the shift in ARG profiles. The results indicate that at industry-scale production broiler manure had more antibiotics and ARGs than layer manure did, and composting decreased most ARG abundances in poultry manure except for sulfonamide resistance genes.

     

Biodegradable microplastics (BMPs): a new cause for concern?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the increasingly serious pollution of plastics, biodegradable plastics (BDPs) have attracted attention as a new material that can replace...     

外浮顶原油储罐VOCs排放核算参数对排放量的影响研究

依据美国环保署颁布的储罐VOCs排放量核算公式,从环境参数、原油参数和储罐结构参数3个方面对外浮顶储罐VOCs排放的影响进行了研究,其中包括了边缘密封排放挂壁排放、浮盘附件排放和浮盘着陆期间排放等几个相关排放核算数学公式。结果表明:环境风速增大,环境温度升高或太阳辐射强度提高均导致排放量增大;原油温度升高或原油周转量增加也导致排放量增加;储罐直径增加,罐漆颜色浅,或者罐壁锈蚀情况好会降低VOCs排放量。     

Cost-performance analysis of nutrient removal in a full-scale oxidation ditch process based on kinetic modeling

A full-scale oxidation ditch process for treating sewage was simulated with the ASM2d model and optimized for minimal cost with acceptable performance in terms of ammonium and phosphorus removal. A unified index was introduced by integrating operational costs (aeration energy and sludge production) with effluent violations for performance evaluation. Scenario analysis showed that,in comparison with the baseline (all of the 9 aerators activated), the strategy of activating 5 aerators could save aeration energy significantly with an ammonium violation below 10%. Sludge discharge scenario analysis showed that a sludge discharge flow of 250–300 m3/day (solid retention time (SRT), 13–15 days) was appropriate for the enhancement of phosphorus removal without excessive sludge production. The proposed optimal control strategy was: activating 5 rotating disks operated with a mode of "111100100" ( "1"represents activation and "0" represents inactivation) for aeration and sludge discharge flow of 200 m3/day (SRT, 19 days). Compared with the baseline, this strategy could achieve ammonium violation below 10% and TP violation below 30% with substantial reduction of aeration energy cost (46%) and minimal increment of sludge production (< 2%). This study provides a useful approach for the optimization of process operation and control.     

石化行业催化裂化装置环境监理要点研究——以某企业350万吨/年催化裂化装置为例

催化裂化是石油炼厂从重质油生产汽油的主要过程之一,是石化炼油中的核心部分,也是环境监理关注的重点.以某石化公司油品质量升级改造项目为例,对新建350万吨/年催化裂化装置的环境监理开展深入研究,为国内深入开展类似项目的环境监理工作、出台环境监理技术规范提供有益的参考.     

巴丹吉林沙漠与库布齐沙漠植被现状调查

本文通过对巴丹吉林和库布齐两大沙漠的共计12个点位的植被调查显示,两大沙漠植被均以灌木建群,都伴生大量一年生沙生先锋植物;库布齐沙漠植物群落中,多年生草本物种数增加,是群落趋于稳定的表现;库布齐沙漠人工治理力度较大,使得群落生境趋优速度加快。巴丹吉林沙漠植物群落基本处于自然状态。     

环境空气自动监测子站运维管理研究

摘要：为贯彻落实新修订的《环境空气质量标准》,环境空气自动监测新系统的软／硬件建设、已有系统的日常巡检、运行维护、故障排除、数据分析和报表等业务流程均需牵扯大量的人力资源,环境空气自动监测工作日益变得繁琐和复杂。论文以环境空气自动监测子站第三方运维管理服务模式为切入点,探讨建立高效运维管理制度的框架模式,为环境空气自动监测部门的运维管理工作提供参考。     

企业清洁生产审计运行机制研究

科学发展观的提出贯彻了协调经济发展与环境保护的理念,清洁生产审计则是控制和防范污染的有效管理措施之一,了解清洁生产审计的运行机制并保证其有效实施对中国可持续发展的战略目标至关重要。首先分析了清洁生产审计在国内外研究、发展现状,在综合考虑相关制约因素的茂盛是构建了企业清洁生产审计的运行机制,最后,为保障清洁生产审计运行机制的有效实施,提出了五点保障措施。