炼化装置泄露检测与维修(LDAR)现状及发展趋势

对比分析泄漏检测技术现状、检测与维修效果,同时给出国内外设备泄漏检测与维修(LDAR)发展趋势,以中国石化炼化企业开展设备泄漏检测与维修为例,提出集团公司各炼化企业开展LDAR的建议.     

中国石油污染源在线监测系统简介

文章阐述了中国石油污染源在线监测系统建设的必要性、建设原则及建设目标,分析了污染源在线监测系统的组成及系统功能等基本情况,提出持续系统建设、加强在线监测设备管理、加强系统运维管理、强化监督考核、促进系统应用等运行维护建议。     

后起之“绿”——沈阳

几年前，一提起沈阳人，人们自然就会把她与世界10大污染最严重的城市联系在一起。然而，近年来，沈阳市面貌有了翻天覆地的变化：城市干净了，河流清澈了，空气清新了。由于在环境方面的突出表现，沈阳市今年2月获得了中华环境奖，沈阳市环保局宣教中心还在今年“地球日”获得了“地球奖”的称号。     

铬酸钠共存对铝酸钠溶液种分的影响

研究了铬酸纳共存时对铝酸钠溶液种分的影响，结果表明，含有铬酸钠的铝酸钠溶液中，铝铬比大于３．６时，铬酸钠的存在对铝酸钠种分没有明显影响；铝铬比小于１．８时，铬酸钠的存在对铝酸钠种分有明显影响，本文还试验了选择一定组成的实际铝酸钠溶液，经种分，使铬酸钠与铝酸钠完全有得到了有效分离。     

经济发展与环境保护并重:机遇与挑战--访亚洲开发银行驻中国代表处首席代表涩市彻先生

中国快速增长的经济以及由此带来的诸如能源紧张、环境污染等问题已是众所周知，甚至是有点“老生常谈”的话题了。除了中国政府及早采取了经济“点刹”的方式外，各种各样的论坛、会议、研究都是“你方唱罢我登场”，媒体对此话题的报道也是“铺天盖地”。那么对于那些与中国经济发展有着密切关系的国际或区域金融组织的专家们有什么样的观点？他们又都采取了什么措施呢？近日。本刊记者对亚洲开发银行驻中国代表处首席代表涩市彻先生就有关经济发展和环境保护的话题进行了独家专访。[编者按]     

金属有机骨架材料对水中有机酸的吸附性能

制备了MIL-100(Fe)、MIL-100(Cr)和NH_2-MIL-101(Al)3种金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料,考察了这3种MOFs材料对苯甲酸、水杨酸和山梨酸3种有机酸模拟废水的吸附处理效果,并与大孔吸附树脂D101进行了比较。实验结果表明:NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对苯甲酸的平衡吸附量最大,D101平衡吸附量中等,MIL-100(Cr)和MIL-100(Fe)平衡吸附量很小;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸具有优异的吸附性能,MIL-100(Cr)、MIL-100(Fe)和D101对山梨酸的平衡吸附量较低;3种MOFs材料和D101对水杨酸的平衡吸附量均很小。NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸和苯甲酸的等温吸附过程可用Langmuir方程更好地拟合;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对水杨酸的等温吸附过程可用Freundlich方程更好地拟合。     

Water quality assessment in Qu River based on fuzzy water pollution index method

A fuzzy improved water pollution index was proposed based on fuzzy inference system and water pollution index. This method can not only give a comprehensive water quality rank, but also describe the water quality situation with a quantitative value, which is convenient for the water quality comparison between the same ranks. This proposed method is used to assess water quality of Qu River in Sichuan, China. Data used in the assessment were collected from four monitoring stations from 2006 to 2010. The assessment results show that Qu River water quality presents a downward trend and the overall water quality in 2010 is the worst. The spatial variation indicates that water quality of Nanbashequ section is the pessimal. For the sake of comparison, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational method were also employed to assess water quality of Qu River. The comparisons of these three approaches'' assessment results show that the proposed method is reliable.     

The fate of the herbicide propanil in plants of the littoral zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China

The anti-seasonal hydrology with 30 m water fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) of China attracts growing environmental and ecological concerns. We investigated the biotransformation of the herbicide propanil in plants dominating in the littoral zone of the TGR by applying the ~(14)C-ring-labeled herbicide into non-aseptic hydroponic plant systems(Cynodon dactylon, Nelumbo nucifera and Bidens pilosa), aseptic plants(Lemna minor and Lemna gibba) and cell suspension cultures(C. dactylon and L. minor).(1) Propanil absorbed in plants of the hydroponic systems was(12.46 ± 1.63)% of applied radioactivity(AR)(C. dactylon),(52.36 ± 6.38)%(N. nucifera) and(76.55 ± 6.07)%(B. pilosa), respectively. The ~(14)C-residues in the plant extractable fractions and the corresponding media were confirmed by radio-Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC), radio-High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry(GC–EIMS) as propanil,3,4-dichloroaniline(DCA) and N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-β-D-glucopyranosylamine(Glu-DCA).(2)About 8% of AR was taken up by both aseptic plants, from which 7.0% of AR was extracted and identified also as propanil, DCA and Glu-DCA.(3) Concerning cell suspension cultures,(39.22 ±9.39)% of AR was absorbed by C. dactylon after 72 hr, whereas the accumulated ~(14)C-propanil by L.minor cell suspension culture amounted to(65.04 ± 1.72)% after 7 days. The identified compounds in cell cultures are consistent with those in the tested plants. Most of the pesticide residues in the intact plants were un-extractable, which are recognized as the end of the detoxification process. We therefore consider these plants as suitable for the phytoremediation of the herbicide propanil in the TGR region.     

云南香格里拉本底站大气CH4体积分数及变化特征

利用基于光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术自组装的大气CH4在线观测系统,于2010年7月—2011年10月在云南香格里拉大气本底站对大气CH4进行了在线观测.结果发现,该站春、夏、秋、冬季CH4平均本底值分别为(1850.7±6.9)×10-9(体积分数,下同)、(1850.9±13.4)×10-9、(1865.6±16.1)×10-9和(1839.2±6.5)×10-9.全年体积分数在9月最高,12月最低,月均值振幅约39.6×10-9.4季日平均最低值均出现在14:00—16:00.日变化振幅在冬季最小,秋季最大,分别为4.4×10-9和10.0×10-9.西南来向的地面风会明显抬升CH4体积分数,而北偏东来向的地面风显著降低观测结果.通过4季每日整点后向轨迹聚类计算,结合观测资料分析发现,该站CH4主要受西南来向气团传输影响,尤其在春、夏、秋3季.