电化学法处理高盐苯酚废水的研究

对在氯盐电解质中用电化学方法处理含酚废水进行了研究，着重探讨了盐的种类与浓度、反应温度与溶液：pH、电流密度、苯酚初始浓度及阴阳极转换频率对苯酚去除率的影响。在Na2SO4的浓度为0．2mol／L，NaCl的浓度为0．1mol／L、苯酚初始质量浓度为200mg／L、电流密度为0．04A／cm^2、温度为35℃、pH为12．5、阴阳极转换频率为5min/次及反应时间为200min的条件下，苯酚的去除率为99．5％，COD去除率为5％，CIO^-把苯酚氧化成了其他有机化合物。     

我国煤炭生产重心与消费重心演变轨迹研究

利用重心模型,分别测算了1997—2009年我国煤炭生产重心与消费重心的动态变化轨迹,从方向和距离两方面对其进行了对比分析,探讨了煤炭生产重心与消费重心相互偏离的影响。研究表明,我国煤炭生产重心从剧烈不规则运动到剧烈向西南移动,最后平稳向西北转移,煤炭消费重心平缓地呈现出＂西进南移＂的趋势。两者在经度上收敛,纬度上背离,直线距离从1997年的182km增加到2009年的283km;两者间的背离改变了区域煤炭运输格局,加剧了煤炭运输的难度。     

水中COD测量不确定度的评定

建立了用重铬酸钾法测定水中COD测定的不确定度数学模型，用“鱼刺图”方法排列出每种可能作为考源簟影冀詈案，并从标准溶液制备、样品滴定、水样移取等方面分析了COD监测结果的不确定度，计算了各不确定度分量值并给出了扩展不确定度，从中得出在标准滴定溶液制备过程中，重铬酸钾溶液的制备是最具权重的分量，其中标准物质质量的不确定度又是最大的分量，提高天平的精度对COD的不确定度会有明显改善。     

Coexisting sediments and suspended particles change the sorption of lindane and ciprofloxacin in waters

The real behavior of water organic contaminants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals is not well known because research experiments usually simplify the conditions by studying the sorption of a pure compound on a single solid. However, in natural waters, biofilms, suspended particles, and sediments are solid substances that coexist, and thus may change the contaminant fate. Therefore, we studied here the sorption of lindane and ciprofloxacin by three single-solid and three double-solid sorbents using batch experiments. We also compared the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) between single- and double-solid sorption systems. Results show that the sorption quantity of lindane to the double-solid system of suspended particles and sediments is lower, of 0.99 L/g, than the sum of sorption quantity in the single-solid system, of 1.39 L/g. The sorption quantity of ciprofloxacin is higher, of 2.70 L/g, than the sum of sorption quantity in the single-solid system, of 1.90 L/g. These findings are explained by changes in DOM that suppress or promote sorption. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to present evidence that coexisting river solids modify lindane and ciprofloxacin sorption.     

华北地区沙尘气溶胶对云辐射强迫的影响

采用CERES SSF Aqua MODIS Edition 2B/2C和CALIPSO卫星探测资料结合地面台站沙尘观测资料,通过对强沙尘天气过程中纯云区与沙尘云区大气层顶处辐射强迫值的对比分析,研究了我国华北地区沙尘气溶胶对云辐射强迫的影响.研究发现, 2006年4月16日、5月16日、2007年3月30日3次过程沙尘云区大气层顶云的净辐射强迫绝对值比纯云区分别减小了7.1%,17.2%和3.1%,云的冷却效应受到不同程度抑制.纯云区与沙尘云区云的光学特性参量的对比分析结果表明,绝大部分沙尘云区的云粒径、云水路径和光学厚度值均比纯云区的要小.     

基于可持续发展的临沂市耕地利用研究

本文在分析临沂市耕地利用现状及存在问题的基础上，根据该市耕地特点提出了耕地可持续利用的对策。     

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20 years(1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin,China

The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output,surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from1990 to 2000 and by 37.2% from 2000 to 2010, concomitant with increasing crop yields.Simultaneously, the nitrogen surplus intensity increased by 53.5% from 1990 to 2000 and by16.5% from 2000 to 2010, presenting a continuously increased environmental risk. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 0.46 in 1990 to 0.42 in 2000 and remained constant at 0.42 in 2010,partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk,decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备复合光催化剂（MWNTs/TiO_2）工艺条件的研究

以多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）为载体,在煅烧温度200~900℃、煅烧时间1~7 h、溶胶体系pH值为2~10的工艺条件下,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合光催化剂（MWNTs/TiO2）。通过其对甲基橙的光催化降解效果对比,评价各种复合光催化剂催化活性之间的差异,结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,复合光催化剂中纳米TiO2的晶型由锐钛型逐渐向金红石型转变,500℃时为2种晶型的混合相;pH值为2的强酸性条件有利于形成金红石晶型,pH值为5的中性及弱酸性条件则有利于形成锐钛型,而pH值为3时为2种晶型的混合相;在煅烧温度500℃、煅烧时间3 h、溶胶凝胶体系pH值为3的最佳制备工艺条件下,复合光催化剂催化活性最高,借助扫描电镜发现其TiO2均匀地包覆在多壁碳纳米管管壁上。     

给水管网建设工程对环境的影响与污染防治措施研究

管网工程对环境的影响主要表现为施工期。施工过程将对声环境、环境空气、生态环境、社会环境等产生不同程度的影响。供热管网施工过程中,由于管网铺设、开挖将可能破坏地表植被。同时,施工产生的临时弃土,若处理不当,将可能产生水土流失;同时工程拆迁及施工期各类污染物的排放影响居民生活质量,以及管线敷设管沟填埋前将对居民出行产生一定影响。结合给水管网建设工程的特点,从施工期分析给水管网建设项目对环境的影响及需采取的污染防治措施。     

中国春季北方大气气溶胶浓度特征

采用2008年和2009年春季10个气溶胶观测站资料,分析了我国北方3个代表区域的气溶胶浓度特征与空间分布特点以及气溶胶粒子粒径的异同,并结合一次典型的沙尘天气过程,利用气溶胶和气象资料,讨论了沙尘天气对ρ（TSP）的影响以及各观测站点ρ（TSP）的变化特点. 结果表明:西北区域站点ρ（TSP）最高,达到0.488 mg/m3,其中以沙尘和土壤等粗模态粒子为主,占ρ（TSP）的50.7%;北部区域站点ρ（TSP）为0.350 mg/m3,主要由PM_2.5及沙尘、土壤等粗模态粒子组成,它们分别占ρ（TSP）的55.7%和30.9%;北京地区ρ（TSP）最低,平均值为0.252 mg/m3,ρ（PM_10）占ρ（TSP）比例较高,达到94.4%,其中ρ（PM_2.5）占ρ（TSP）的54.7%;沙尘天气强度和发生次数对气溶胶浓度年际变化影响明显,而天气形势对沙尘天气的发生发挥重要作用.