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This study developed and tested a cross‐level model of the relationship between two components of active learning climate—enactive exploration and guided learning—and employee errors, and the moderating roles of the individual's traits of openness to experience and conscientiousness. The study examined the medical errors made by 142 resident physicians in 22 hospital departments. Results demonstrated significant interactions between climate and traits: when an individual had a low level of the trait of openness to experience, there was a curvilinear relationship between enactive exploration climate and number of errors. With a high level of openness to experience, the enactive exploration climate was positively associated with the number of errors up to a certain point. In addition, when an individual had a low level of conscientiousness, there was a negative association between guided learning climate and number of errors; with a high level of conscientiousness, there was a positive association between guided learning climate and number of errors. Thus, individual performance was better when the climate complemented the individual's lack of a trait. When the level of the individual's trait was high, the climate intensified the already pronounced trait up to an extent that impaired the individual's performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Mordechai Shohat MD Edna Akstein Bella Davidov Gad Barkai Cyril Legum Miriam David Hanna Dar Yitzhak Romem Aliza Amiel Hana Cohen Gideon Bach Ziva Ben-Neriah Ruth N. Sheffer Zvi Appelman Juan Chemke Pnina Zadka Tamy Zer Boleslaw Goldman 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(10):967-970
We investigated the contribution of different screening criteria to the prenatal detection of Down syndrome (DS) as well as other chromosomal anomalies in the Jewish population in Israel during 1990 and 1992. There was a significant decrease (P<0·03) in the incidence of DS live-births during 1992 (40:78 442) compared with 1990 (69:73 751) which paralleled a marked increase in total prenatal testing and in DS cases detected prenatally. Private laboratories, which perform amniocenteses mostly for women with a low risk of DS and without genetic counselling, had a significantly lower detection rate (1:917) compared with that of the genetic institutes, which following genetic counselling test both women ≥ 37 years of age (1:91) and women younger than 37 years (1:113). The detection of chromosomal anomalies other than DS was less affected by the reason for amniocentesis. Amniocentesis indicated by maternal serum marker screening of women younger than 37 years identified a greater number of chromosomal anomalies other than DS than amniocentesis based on age (≥37 years) alone (111:9604 versus 94:9810; P<0·06). Prenatal detection of DS is most effective when the indication for amniocentesis follows genetic counselling. The increasing use of maternal serum marker screening leads to a significant improvement in the positive detection rate of chromosomal anomalies other than DS in young women. 相似文献
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Kol-Maimon H Levi-Zada A Franco JC Dunkelblum E Protasov A Eliyaho M Mendel Z 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(12):1047-1057
The vine mealybug (VM) females collected in Israel produce two sex pheromone compounds: lavandulyl senecioate (LS) and (S)-lavandulyl isovalerate (LI). The males display ambiguous behavior to LI: repulsion in the vineyard and attraction of laboratory-reared
males. We addressed the question of individual male behavior, i.e., do males respond to both LS and LI, or might they display
a distinct response to each of the two pheromone compounds. We compared male pherotype frequencies between wild-caught and
laboratory-reared populations. Then, we examined the relationship between pherotype composition and male capture rates in
pheromone traps. Finally, we addressed the heredity of the pherotypes. The Israeli VM populations contain nine different male
pherotypes, as defined according to the male behavior to pheromone compounds. The studied Portuguese populations included
five of the nine pherotypes; none of the Portuguese males were attracted to LI. It seems that the high frequency of males
that were attracted to LI is related to dense VM populations. It is hypothesized that selection for the male pherotypes, I
males, those that respond to LI, occur under high-density rearing conditions. This may result from shorter development times
of males and females that produce more I male pherotypes. The lower relative frequency of trapping of males in LI-baited traps
than expected from the percentage determined in a Petri dish arena suggests that males that respond solely to LS (S males)
are better fliers. The results also suggest that the pherotype trait is inherited by both sexes of the VM. 相似文献
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Dr. Michael Hirsch Zev Josefsberg Alexander Schoenfeld Athaliah Pertzelan Paul Merlob Sara Leiba Gertrude Kohn Jardena Ovadia Ernesto Lubin Zvi Laron 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(8):491-496
Intrauterine diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism was established on the basis of TSH concentration in amniotic fluid in the 22nd week of gestation for the offspring of a couple both known to have an iodide organification defect. Prenatal treatment consisted of intramniotic injections of 500 meg Na-1-thyroxine, which was administered from the first amniocentesis until one week before delivery. Following delivery, the diagnosis was confirmed by the elevated level of TSH, 60-5 uU/ml, and a gradual decrease of fT4 to 0·8 ng/ml. Regular substitution therapy was commenced on the third day of life. The normal shape and location of the thyroid gland was demonstrated by Technetium scintiscan. At 18 months the infant revealed no significant deviation from normalcy in growth or mental capacity. This experience indicates that testing of amniotic fluid for TSH in the 22nd week of gestation can be diagnostic for congenital primary hypothyroidism. Furthermore, it is suggested that the treatment approach described is warranted in all cases in which there is a high risk of congenital primary hypothyroidism. 相似文献
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This paper compares the relative efficiencies of pollution taxes, pollution standards, and the auctioning of pollution rights when the marginal damage function or marginal control cost are subject to uncertainty. In the first case, we find that all instruments yield the same expected social surplus. In the latter case, the choice of the optimal instrument depends, in general, on the relative elasticities of the marginal damage and marginal expected cost functions, on the way in which uncertainty enters the model, and on the distribution of the error term. Policy conclusions are derived. 相似文献
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精神分析批评作为一种文学批评方法,可以用于解释作者的创作动机和研究文学文本。简要梳理精神分析批评的理论渊源,分析其对文学研究的影响,指出其缺陷,旨在帮助文艺批评者更好、更有效地运用于文学批评。 相似文献
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