增强所有道路使用者的移动性:德里案例研究

获得可持续移动性的战略包括促进公共运输、增加不消耗化石燃料运输模式的份额、减少出行距离和促进包括公共运输在内的机械化模式的清洁燃料技术.在印度的大型城市里,大多数出行是通过非机械化运输或公共运输进行.这些城市都有无法接受的空气污染水平和高峰时间的拥挤以及公路交通事故死亡率高的问题.此外,出行距离趋向于变短部分地是由于很多居民被迫居住在靠近他们的工作场所的"未经批准的新住宅区里".     

Review on fabrication methodologies and its impacts on performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

This review highlights and summarizes the impact of different fabrication processes on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Energy conversion efficiency of cell depends upon semiconductor, sensitizer, electrolyte, and counter electrode. Efficiency of DSSCs can be enhanced by properly selecting the optimum significance of various parameters of fabrications process. Major challenges of these solar cells are non-vegetal, noxious, extreme sensitizers. Application of natural dyes in this field plays a significant role. An optimized CdSe-TiO₂ photoanode showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.29% and short circuit current density of 15.30 mA cm^?2 for the DSSC. Power conversion efficiency of 3.26% was achieved by using TTO electrode for DSSC device that is ascribed to the improved electrical and optical properties due to doping with Ta element. Absorbance of betalain was shown in the visible range of 530–535 nm for betanin while 450–559 nm for anthocyanin pigment. The natural dyes are economical, readily available, and environmentally friendly. This compilation would be beneficial for researchers working on dye solar cell.