海平面变化及其对海洋生态环境的影响

世界约有一半人口生活在距海岸线50公里以内的沿岸地区,人口密度平均较内陆高出10倍,因此海平面变化与人类生活和社会经济发展休戚相关.随着人类活动对海洋、大气系统影响的迅速扩大,全球气候异常、海平面变化已经成为全球性重大环境问题.     

生活垃圾焚烧炉污染物排放分析

简要介绍了生活垃圾焚烧妒的炉型、烟气净化技术的选择、飞灰固化的常用处置方式,通过分析不同生活垃圾焚烧炉的烟气监测数据,说明生活垃圾焚烧炉烟气排放能够达到GB 18485-2001<生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准>相应标准限值,有些烟气污染物甚至能达到欧盟排放标准.     

Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of sunshine duration over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2020北大核心CSCD

Based on observation data of daily sunshine duration from 1961 to 2020 at 175 meteorological observation stations over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, spatial transformation analysis, climate trend analysis and M-K mutation test were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the seasonal and annual sunshine duration in the region in the last 60 years. The results show that (1) annual average sunshine duration was 2 323 h, the maximum was 3 487 h in Gaer, Tibet, and the minimum was 771 h in Ya'an, Sichuan. The high-value areas were mostly located in western Tibet, northern Qinghai, western Gansu, and Xinjiang, and the low-value areas were mostly located in Nyingchi in Tibet, the mountainous area on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin, and northwestern Yunnan. The highest sunshine duration was recorded in winter (631 h), and the lowest was recorded in autumn (555 h) among the four seasons. (2) The average decrease in annual sunshine duration was 10.27 h/10 a. The largest rates of decrease were mainly in Gannan of Gansu and Ganzi of Sichuan, with the largest rate of decrease of 130 h/10 a. The areas with large rates of increase were mainly in Hotan area of Xinjiang, Liangshan of Sichuan and Lhasa of Tibet, with the largest increase of 61 h/10 a. Among the four seasons, spring exhibited an upward trend, and the remainder exhibited a downward trend. (3) Before 2017, the annual sunshine duration increased but declined after 2017. Spring sunshine duration had the largest number of mutation years, and the earliest mutation time was 1963. Winter had the fewest number of mutation years and the latest mutation time occurred in 2015. In summary, the annual and seasonal sunshine duration of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau vary greatly in space, but with the general characteristics of more sunshine in the northwest and less in the southeast, and sunshine hours were mainly decreasing, with 2017 as a mutation point of annual sunshine duration. Most areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have great potential for photosynthetic production and are suitable for the development of light-loving plants and high-density planting. Shade-loving or shade-tolerant plants, including tea, are suitable for development in remote mountainous areas with low sunshine values in the western part of the basin, including Ya’an, Sichuan, and other areas, such as Medog, Tibet. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

基于ATCA架构智能监控管理平台的设计与应用

一、概述 随着我国平安城市建设的不断深化,安防行业已经深入到社会生活的方方面面,大到公共安全、金融教育、电力电信、交通能源等,小到小区监控与家庭安防,安防产品迅速扩大至各行各业。各行业根据实际需要逐渐引进了多种安防系统,如视频监控系统、门禁监控系统、楼宇自动化系统等,但是这些系统往往各自独立,     

碳纤维上浆技术对其可织性能的影响

碳纤维具有优良的力学性能,被誉为21世纪的新型材料。因其具有模量高、强度大、比重小、耐高温、抗疲劳、抗腐蚀等一系列优异的性能,其与先进树脂形成的复合材料在现代航空航天尖端技术领域及民用领域有着广泛的应用。为了提高其加工界面性能及可织造性,本文对碳纤维上浆情况,特别是对碳纤维的上浆剂、上浆工艺、表面处理的情况进行了介绍,旨在为读者提供有关碳纤维上浆技术的有关技术信息。     

旁压（夹绳）式起重量限制器引起起重机带电的原因分析与对策

采用钢丝绳受力作为信号输出的旁压（夹绳）式起重量限制器易引起触电事故,本文分析了旁压（夹绳）式起重量限制器的正确安装方法及限重原理,剖析了现有旁压（夹绳）式起重量限制器使用不当引发起重机触电风险及危害,提出了避免事故的对策及做到本质安全的相关措施。     

污泥堆肥过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的研究进展

污泥堆肥过程释放的恶臭气体已成为制约堆肥无害化生产的重要因素,其中挥发性有机物(VOCs)在臭味贡献中占了很大比重。VOCs主要包括含硫化合物、含氮化合物和挥发性脂肪酸,组分复杂且治理困难。影响VOCs排放的因素主要有通风策略、温度和pH值,其中通风策略是最重要的影响因素。针对VOCs的治理,比较了几种常见的VOCs终端控制技术,最后推荐采用生物滤池-热氧化法组合工艺。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯和邻苯二甲酸单乙基己基酯对幼年期及青年期海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)的内分泌干扰效应

本研究从邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸单乙基己酯(MEHP)对幼鱼期及青年期海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)的生殖发育毒性效应出发,从雌激素受体(ER)、过氧化物增殖激活受体(PPAR)及芳香烃受体(AhR)通路探讨DEHP和MEHP致毒机制.本实验将孵化后1周的幼鱼分别暴露于溶剂对照、低浓度DEHP(0.1 mg·L-1)、高浓度DEHP(0.5 mg·L-1)、低浓度MEHP(0.1 mg·L-1)和高浓度MEHP(0.5 mg·L-1)23 d、53 d,组织病理学结果显示,DEHP和MEHP导致雌性青鳉肝损伤,表现为肝糖原降低,肝细胞质水肿变性;DEHP和MEHP促进了性成熟,表现为促进雌性青鳉卵巢中卵细胞的发育.荧光定量PCR结果显示,DEHP和MEHP显著影响了ER、PPAR及AhR通路,并且对青年期的影响强于幼鱼期,DEHP对ER、PPAR及AhR通路的影响较MEHP强.所以DEHP及MEHP可能通过ER、PPAR和AhR通路影响了肝脏发育,造成了肝损伤,促进雌性青鳉卵巢发育,对ER、PPAR和AhR通路影响显示出发育阶段特异性.     

江苏省流域水生态功能分区

水生态功能区划是科学开展水生态环境保护工作的重要手段,是指导产业布局、水资源开发的重要依据。江苏省流域水生态功能分区在近中远期结合时间尺度原则、集中式生活饮用水水源地优先保护原则等分区原则的指导下对全省水资源进行了一级分区和二级分区的划分,一级分区包括长江流域、淮河流域、太湖流域和近岸海域4个分区,二级分区包括宁镇扬丘陵平原水生态亚区、长江三角洲平原水生态亚区、徐宿淮丘陵平原水生态亚区等10个分区。同时,本文对江苏省流域水生态功能分区的分区体系如等级体系、分区方法体系进行了讨论。     

纳米二氧化硅与汞(Hg~(2+))对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的联合毒性效应

随着纳米材料在日常生产生活中的广泛应用,部分纳米颗粒物不可避免地会通过废弃物排放等途径进入海洋.当纳米颗粒物与海洋中的污染物(如与重金属)共存时,因其独特的物化特性往往会成为污染物的良好载体并在生物体内累积,从而增加已有污染物和生物的相互作用,对海洋环境构成潜在的生态风险.已有的研究更多关注单一纳米材料的生态毒性效应,有关纳米颗粒物与污染物的复合生物效应的研究较少.因此,本文研究了已广泛应用的纳米Si O2与常见的重金属污染物Hg~(2+)对东海常见海洋微藻-中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的联合毒性效应.结果表明,Hg~(2+)会抑制中肋骨条藻的生长,24 h-EC50、48 h-EC50和72 h-EC50值分别为56.3μg·L~(-1)、58.6μg·L~(-1)和36.8μg·L~(-1);低浓度的纳米Si O2(1 mg·L~(-1)和5 mg·L~(-1))未对中肋骨条藻的生长产生抑制作用,而较高浓度的纳米Si O2(≥10 mg·L~(-1))会显著(P0.05)抑制中肋骨条藻的生长,并且提升微藻超氧化物歧化酶SOD的活性,影响微藻的抗氧化系统.添加1 mg·L~(-1)纳米Si O2会增强Hg~(2+)对中肋骨条藻的生长抑制作用,Hg~(2+)的24 h-EC50和48 h-EC50分别下降至41μg·L~(-1)和43μg·L~(-1),虽然1 mg·L~(-1)纳米Si O2本身没有对中肋骨条藻产生生长抑制作用,但是能够明显增强Hg~(2+)对中肋骨条藻的毒性.纳米Si O2对Hg~(2+)有着较强的吸附能力,在60 min时,100 mg·L~(-1)纳米Si O2对100μg·L~(-1)的Hg~(2+)的吸附率为90.08%,最大吸附量为5.92 mg·g~(-1).吸附了Hg~(2+)的纳米Si O2在中肋骨条藻内的累积可能是造成这种协同毒性的主要原因.