三峡库区重庆段江水中持久性有机污染物污染状况分析

对三峡库区重庆段水域中持久性有机污染物的污染状况进行了分析,两期水样检出百多种有机物,冬季枯水期检出178种;夏季丰水期检出144种。其中属于美国国家环保局优先控制污染物黑名单的有18种,属于我国优先控制污染物黑名单的有7种。分析结果表明,重庆段水域多环芳烃类和邻苯二甲酸酯类检出率比较高,需要予以密切关注。     

Removal of humic substances by biosorption

Fungal pellets of Aspergillus niger 405,Aspergillus ustus 326,and Stachybotrys sp.1103 were used for the removal of humic substances from aqueous solutions.Batchwise biosorption,carried out at pH 6 and 25°C,was monitored spectrophotometrically and the process described with Freundlich’s model.Calculated sorption coeffcients Kf and n showed that A.niger exhibited the highest effciency.A good match between the model and experimental data and a high correlation coeffcient(R2)pointed out to judicious choice of ...     

长江、嘉陵江(重庆段)源水有机提取物的致突变活性及其季节变化

为了确定并比较重庆主城区段长江、嘉陵江源水有机提取物的致突变性及其季节变化规律，分别于春、夏、冬季采用GDX－120大孔树脂，对位于城区上游、城区中段、城区下游以长江、嘉陵江源水的5个水厂的进厂水进行了有机物的浓缩提取。提取物的致突变活性采用经典的Ames试验平板掺入法评估，测试菌株为TA98及TA100，同时做加与不加S9的比较。结果显示，嘉陵江及长江源水的有机提取物均有不同程度的致突变活性。嘉陵江源水明显大于长江源水，城区中段源水明显大于上游段及下游段源水。多数断面显示平水期致突变活较为显著并且移码型致突变性大于碱基置换型致密变性。研究结果提示，城市污染源已导致长江、嘉陵江源水具备致突变活性，控制两江沿岸的各种水污染源已成为当务之急。     

水环境中耐热大肠菌群的抗生素耐药性与质粒谱研究

用滤膜法、mFC培养基从5种水体中分离出疑似耐热大肠菌162株,用API微生物分析系统鉴定到种,以Kirby-Bauer法分析其对人畜常用10种抗生素的耐药性,碱裂解法小量制备各菌株质粒DNA做质粒谱分析.结果表明,埃希氏大肠杆菌为优势菌,占分离菌总数的96.3%.除分离自泉水的3株外,其它菌株都对3种及3种以上抗生素耐药,多重耐药率为98.1%.不同水体分离菌株对氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、链霉素的耐药率有显著性差异(P<0.005).92株菌(56.8%)提取到大小为0.90～158.83kb、数量为1～6个的质粒,有81种质粒谱型.70株(43.2%)未提取到质粒的细菌中有67株为多重耐药.具有相同质粒谱型的菌株耐药谱都不相同.未发现质粒谱与抗生素耐药性间有明显相关性.图1表3参15     

红外分光测油仪测量标准样品石油类不确定度的评定研究

由于测量不确定度便于使用、易于掌握,已被普遍认可作为表征测量结果质量的表达方式。运用红外分光测油仪测量标准样品石油类含量,对所有不确定度分量进行了量化,并找出测量不确定度的来源,从而计算其测量合成相对标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果表明：标准样品中石油类的测量结果为20．03 mg／L,扩展不确定度为0．42 mg／L（k＝2）;扩展不确定度贡献较大的主要分量有：加标回收率、样品重复测定和稀释过程引入的标准不确定度分量。     

Emissions of fluorides from welding processes

The levels of fluoride airborne particulates emitted from welding processes were investigated. They were sampled with the patented IOM Sampler, developed by J. H Vincent and D. Mark at the Institute of Occupational Medicine(IOM), personal inhalable sampler for simultaneous collection of the inhalable and respirable size fractions. Ion chromatography with conductometric detection was used for quantitative analysis. The efficiency of fluoride extraction from the cellulose filter of the IOM sampler was examined using the standard sample of urban air particle matter SRM-1648 a. The best results for extraction were obtained when water and the anionic surfactant N-Cetyl-N-N-Ntrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) were used in an ultrasonic bath. The limits of detection and quantification for the whole procedure were 8 μg/L and 24 μg/L, respectively The linear range of calibration was 0.01–10 mg/L, which corresponds to 0.0001–0.1 mg of fluorides per m3 in collection of a 20 L air sample. The concentration of fluorides in the respirable fraction of collected air samples was in the range of 0.20–1.82 mg/m3, while the inhalable fraction contained 0.23–1.96 mg/m3 of fluorides during an eight-hour working day in the welding room.     

Effects of temperature on UV-B-induced DNA damage and photorepair in Arabidopsis thaliana

DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photopreducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation is temperature-independent because of its photochemical nature, we found UV-B-induction of CPDs and 6-4PPs in Arabidopsis to be slower at a low than at a high temperature. Photorepair of CPDs at 24℃ was much faster than that at 0℃ and 12℃,with 50% CPDs removal during 1 h exposure to white light. Photorepair of 6-4PPs at 12℃ was very slow as compared with that at 24℃,and almost no removal of 6-4PPs was detected after 4 h exposure to white light at 0℃. There was evidence to suggest that temperaturedependent DNA damage and photorepair could have important ecological implications.     

Biomass gasification,catalytic technologies and energy integration for production of circular methanol:New horizons for industry decarbonisation

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) recognises the pivotal role of renewable energies in the future energy system and the achievement of the zero-emission target. The implementation of renewables should provide major opportunities and enable a more secure and decentralised energy supply system. Renewable fuels provide long-term solutions for the transport sector, particularly for applications where fuels with high energy density are required. In addition, it helps reducing the ca...     

Enhancement of the CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation to CH4 capacity of Ru–Na–Ca/γ–Al2O3 dual function material by controlling the Ru calcination atmosphere

Integrated CO₂capture and utilization (ICCU) technology requires dual functional materials(DFMs) to carry out the process in a single reaction system.The influence of the calcination atmosphere on efficiency of 4%Ru-8%Na₂CO₃-8%CaO/γ-Al₂O₃DFM is studied.The adsorbent precursors are first co-impregnated onto alumina and calcined in air.Then,Ru precursor is impregnated and four aliquotes are subjected to different calcination protocols:static a...     

三峡库区消落带富营养化及其危害预测和防治

三峡水库蓄水运行后将出现一个落差达30 m的永久消落带。消落带是水域生态系统与岸上陆地生态系统的交替控制地带,该地带具有生物的多样性、人类活动的频繁性和生态的脆弱性,随着人类活动的影响,已成为湖岸带中生态最脆弱的地带。由于工业和生活用水污染以及水体自净能力下降,消落区富营养化相关物质（如氮和磷）污染会进一步加剧。因此,必须针对库区消落带地区的特殊情况,选择适当的模式对消落带进行超前环境整治和保护,实现三峡库区生态系统的恢复和重建。