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采用4 mol/L NaO H碱液在中温下处理城市生活污水处理厂剩余污泥6 h,对比原剩余污泥和中温碱解污泥厌氧消化产甲烷的能力,分析了中温碱解及厌氧消化过程中剩余污泥胞内物质的释放规律,结果表明:碱解预处理有效促进了有机物、氨氮的释放,对磷酸盐释放促进作用不明显。原剩余污泥的沼气转化效率为387.5 L/kg(以VS计,下同),中温碱解处理组的沼气转化效率为402.5 L/kg;中温碱解处理组沼气转化效率比原剩余污泥组高3.87%;中温碱解预处理提高了污泥减量化程度及甲烷产量。改进的Gompertz模型结果表明:碱解处理后剩余污泥最大甲烷产量为1 480.7 mL,最大产甲烷速率为77.8 mL/d,细菌产甲烷的延迟时间为3.38 d。 相似文献
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有机农业提倡与自然共存不破坏平衡,而自然界的土壤中存在许多可促进植物生长的植物根圈微生物(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR),此类微生物可分泌促进植物生长的物质,并可诱导植物产生抗性基因,增强植物抗病.PGPR可产生有机物质促进植物生长,改善土壤肥力,增加可溶性磷及铁,诱发植物抗病、克服逆境、增强营养吸收,固氮或防治病害等,在有机农业上有助于植物增产,改善农业对化学肥料的依赖,生产出健康的作物.参25. 相似文献
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为利用一氧化氮(NO)调节作用实现小麦(Tritivum aestivum L.)高产优质之目的,本试验在网室盆栽条件下,以冬春性不同的2个小麦品种(弱春性偃展4110和半冬性周麦18)为试验材料,研究了不同浓度外源NO供体——SNP处理对花后小麦光合生理特性及成熟期产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,不同浓度SNP处理对2种小麦旗叶叶面积、RWC、可溶性糖、总叶绿素含量、WUE、千粒质量、穗粒质量等均有不同程度的促进作用;与对照相比,低浓度SNP(0.075~0.15 mmol.L-1)明显降低2种小麦旗叶枯叶/绿叶值(Y/G),而高浓度(0.30 mmol.L-1)处理则使Y/G值上升。综合分析:本试验条件下,外源NO对半冬性品种周麦18的调控效果优于弱春性品种偃展4110;周麦18以0.30 mmol.L-1SNP处理、偃展4110以0.15mmol.L-1SNP调控对小麦增产较为明显。 相似文献
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Based on community data (2012, 2020) of the Tianlong Mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest plot in central Guizhou, China, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and dynamic changes were estimated to explore the renewal and change characteristics of karst secondary forests. The results showed that: (1) the number of individual species in the investigated two hm2 plot encompassing 33 families and 55 genera, totaling 69 species decreased from 10 276 to 7837. Five families, 10 genera, and 18 species were newly added, while seven families, nine genera, and 11 species disappeared. The difference between the importance value indices of the species was obvious; that of Lithocarpus confinis (20.97–23.26) was much higher than that of other species. Except for some species, the overall inter-annual differences were not large, and the status of mesophytic and shaded species has increased. Life forms were dominated by small trees and shrubs or small trees, and the plant number density of different life forms is reduced. (2) The Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indices of shrubs were the largest, and the Pielou indices of shrubs or small trees were the largest. The composition of most life forms has increased; the diversity became richer; and the uniform distribution of individual species has increased, but the change was small. (3) With respect to the spatial distribution pattern, the species were generally clustered, and only a few were randomly distributed. The Cx, I, m*, CA, and G indices of the species were reduced, and those of some species were quite different. A tendency for aggregated distribution was observed over random distribution, but the aggregation degree of Lithocarpus sphaerocephala was still high. The PAI index of most species increased but was not obvious, whereas the K value changed irregularly. Overall, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and spatial distribution pattern of the main species in this community have changed to some extent but without any significant fluctuations. L. sphaerocephala was still the dominant species in succession, and the species composition of the flora was stable. The restoration of vegetation and the development of the entire community are slow. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
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人工湿地中一株高效低温菌的分离鉴定与去除特性研究 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
为了寻找在低温条件下能够净化城市污水的微生物,取南四湖人工湿地的底泥,对其中的微生物进行驯化后,从中分离出在低温条件下生长速率及代谢速率都较高的6株菌.根据这6株菌对模拟废水的去除效果从中筛选出去除效率最高的菌株E,其对模拟废水中COD、总磷、氨氮的去除率分别为62.92%、56.42%、50.63%.经形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,该菌株为黄假单胞菌(Pseudomonas flava),命名为Pseudomonas tiava WD-3.研究表明,菌株E最适温度、pH和盐度分别为16℃、6.0 ~8.0、1%,最佳碳源和氮源分别为蔗糖、蛋白胨.在最适生长条件下的去除试验表明,菌株E对模拟污水COD、总磷、氨氮的去除效果有明显的提高,分别是最初试验值的1.20、1.25、1.02倍,且去除性能稳定.因此,该菌株在湿地对城市污水的生物治理中具有良好的应用前景和很大的发展空间. 相似文献
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为了研究水杨酸对铅染毒小鼠体内抗氧化水平的调节,将不同浓度的水杨酸(0、0.1、0.5、1.0和1.5 mmol·L-1)附加到醋酸铅溶液中对小鼠隔日灌胃1个月,测定了肝和脑组织抗氧化酶活性以及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量,观察了核DNA的降解情况.结果显示,0.5mmol·L-1的水杨酸完全消除了铅(300 mg·kg-1)对小鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的抑制,使MDA含量维持在对照水平,核DNA降解明显减轻.这些数据显示,外源水杨酸可通过调节铅胁迫下小鼠体内抗氧化酶的活性而保护肝和脑组织免受铅引发的氧化胁迫伤害. 相似文献
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从林农获得感的内涵出发,应用熵值法构建林改全过程的获得感评价指标体系,以2014—2016年450个林农的调研数据为基础,比较林农对"均股均利、均山到户"两种林权改革模式的获得感水平,运用Tobit模型找出影响林农获得感的关键因素,并进行对比分析。研究结果发现:两种典型林改模式的农户获得感均不高,差异不显著。是否担任村干部、是否领到林权证、采伐指标申请难易程度是影响林权改革模式的关键因素;是否村干部、林地块数、林业投入、林业收入、采伐指标申请难易程度对"均股均利"模式下的林农获得感影响显著;是否担任村干部、是否领到林权证、采伐指标的申请难易程度对"均山到户"模式下的林农获得感影响显著。 相似文献
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为了分析北京市长时间尺度的机动车尾气排放趋势,研究机动车排放大气污染物和温室气体的协同控制效应。应用COPERT 5模型构建2005—2020年北京市机动车污染物CO、NO