从工业锅炉能效测试看节能技术

通过对工业锅炉热效率测试结果进行分析,指出了目前对工业锅炉热效率产生影响的主要原因,并提出了改进工业锅炉热效率的有效措施。     

废物水泥窑共处置产品中Ni释放的pH影响

通过模拟煅烧实验制取水泥熟料,并制取混凝土样品。参照NEN7375浸出方法,设定5种不同pH值的浸取液,研究了pH值对混凝土块中重金属Ni释放的影响.结果表明,浸取液的pH=2.00、3.50、5.00、7.35和10.0时,混凝土中Ni的累积释放量分别为1.64、0.167、0.038、0.019和0.025mg/kg;酸性范围内,累积释放量随着pH值的增大而减小,并在弱碱性条件下达到最小值,碱性范围内,随pH值的增大而呈增加的趋势。pH值对Ni的释放过程有影响,pH=3.50和7.35的浸取液中,混凝土中Ni的释放机理为扩散控制,释放曲线与斜率为0.5的直线拟合较佳,且不同区间浸出量曲线的斜率均在0.35～0.65范围内;pH=2.00和5.00的溶液中,Ni的释放在前、中期为扩散控制,后期发生了耗竭作用;pH为10.0条件下,Ni的释放在前期发生了延滞现象,中期为扩散控制,而后期发生了耗竭。     

城市生活垃圾的生物工程堆肥化利用

在建立节约型社会、发展循环经济时代,通过对城市生活垃圾3种处理方法的比较得出,以堆肥方式通过生物工程技术对城市生活垃圾进行科学合理处置,是达到城市生活垃圾无害化、资源化、减量化、规模化处理的最佳选择。     

空气呼吸器用碳纤维缠绕复合气瓶的定期检验

空气呼吸器用碳纤维缠绕复合气瓶是一种采用铝合金为内胆外缠绕碳纤维方法制造的气瓶,主要用于自给式正压空气呼吸器、移动式正压空气呼吸器及其他需用高压气体的场合,广泛应用于消防、救生、医疗等行业。其性能优异、质量稳定,具有安全性能好、重量轻、耐腐蚀的特点;同时复合材料在受到撞击式高速冲击而发生破坏时,不会产生破碎片,从而降低或避免了对使用人品和周围人吊的榀害。     

固体废物及其处理处置技术(中)

<正>固体废物处理处置技术由于固体废物本身的资源属性,固体废物处理处置的目的就不会仅仅是污染控制,资源保护与再生也成为固体废物处理处置的主要目的之一。固体废物处置(管理)技术路线根据固体废物本身的特性,以及固体废物处置的主要     

典型铬渣污染场地健康风险评价及修复指导限值

通过对青海某化工厂铬渣污染场地钻孔采样,分析了样品质地及铬含量,得到场地的水文地质及铬污染状况.根据场地区域生活现状,运用美国环保局健康风险计算模型,评估了现有条件下该场地对周边居民的潜在健康风险.同时,结合场地的修复目标,应用地下水溶质运移方程及土壤中Cr6+的解吸曲线,探讨了场地污染物的修复指导限值.结果表明:场地表层0～4m为黄土状土,4～22m为砾砂,铬污染区域面积约4×104m2;现有条件下场地Cr6+对人体的健康风险值为9.39,需要对Cr6+进行修复治理,而Cr3+的健康风险值在可接受范围内;通过计算得到场地表层0～4m黄土状土Cr6+的修复值为60mg·kg-1;4～22m砾砂Cr6+修复值为15mg·kg-1.     

郑州市环境空气细颗粒物浓度、组成及评价

对郑州市中心城区及开发区4个采样点的采暖季和非采暖季环境空气PM2.5浓度及其中的水溶性阴离子和重金属元含量进行了研究,并利用富集因子分析法对重金属元素进行了污染评价。结果显示,PM2.5日均浓度在非采暖季为美国环境空气质量标准值的2倍以上,采暖季在3倍以上,污染已经相当严重。水溶性阴离子的含量大小依次为F-相似文献   

Dynamic characteristics of woody plant regeneration in karst secondary forests in central Guizhou北大核心CSCD

Based on community data (2012, 2020) of the Tianlong Mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest plot in central Guizhou, China, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and dynamic changes were estimated to explore the renewal and change characteristics of karst secondary forests. The results showed that: (1) the number of individual species in the investigated two hm2 plot encompassing 33 families and 55 genera, totaling 69 species decreased from 10 276 to 7837. Five families, 10 genera, and 18 species were newly added, while seven families, nine genera, and 11 species disappeared. The difference between the importance value indices of the species was obvious; that of Lithocarpus confinis (20.97–23.26) was much higher than that of other species. Except for some species, the overall inter-annual differences were not large, and the status of mesophytic and shaded species has increased. Life forms were dominated by small trees and shrubs or small trees, and the plant number density of different life forms is reduced. (2) The Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indices of shrubs were the largest, and the Pielou indices of shrubs or small trees were the largest. The composition of most life forms has increased; the diversity became richer; and the uniform distribution of individual species has increased, but the change was small. (3) With respect to the spatial distribution pattern, the species were generally clustered, and only a few were randomly distributed. The Cx, I, m*, CA, and G indices of the species were reduced, and those of some species were quite different. A tendency for aggregated distribution was observed over random distribution, but the aggregation degree of Lithocarpus sphaerocephala was still high. The PAI index of most species increased but was not obvious, whereas the K value changed irregularly. Overall, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and spatial distribution pattern of the main species in this community have changed to some extent but without any significant fluctuations. L. sphaerocephala was still the dominant species in succession, and the species composition of the flora was stable. The restoration of vegetation and the development of the entire community are slow. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

北京市工业危险废物产生特性研究

根据对部分企业的实地调查数据、北京市有关单位在2003年的调查数据、2003年北京市企业排污申报登记数据、2003年部分企业危险废物转移联单数据以及结合2001年北京市排污申报登记数据,全面分析了北京市工业危险废物产生总体特性.这些特性包括危险废物的产生量和去向,区域和行业分布特点,产生量与工业总产值的关系等.同时,根据北京百万元产值危险废物产生量进行了预测,结果表明到2010年,北京市危险废物产生量将达到近19.5万吨.     

两种不同根系特征沉水植物对沉积物剖面不同形态磷的影响

为探究不同根系特征的沉水植物对沉积物中磷（P）的影响,本研究以狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum L.,根系发达）和金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum L.,无固定根）为材料开展室内培养试验.结果显示,狐尾藻和金鱼藻均能显著降低沉积物中的总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、氢氧化钠提取磷（NaOH-P）含量,去除率分别为9.0%和7.8%（TP）、9.8%和8.8%（IP）、15.7%和8.7%（NaOH-P）.狐尾藻对沉积物NaOH-P的去除效果显著优于金鱼藻.狐尾藻组中沉积物NaOH-P减少引起IP降低,进而造成TP降低.与初始状态相比,狐尾藻和金鱼藻处理下的上覆水溶解氧（DO）分别增加1.61 mg·L^-1和1.72 mg·L^-1,但pH和TP没有显著变化.结果表明,两种沉水植物在减少沉积物P、抑制上覆水TP上升方面均具有积极作用,但在沉积物NaOH-P含量高的浅水湖泊中,根系发达的狐尾藻的生态修复功能更为有效.