LPG沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸火球热辐射概率风险评估

分析了火球热辐射的特点,针对LPG沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸火球造成的热辐射危害存在不确定性,建立了爆炸火球热辐射风险评估模型,提出了一种基于Monte-Carlo模拟的不确定性处理方法,引入实例计算了LPG沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸火球伤害范围、事故风险概率曲线方程和累计概率曲线方程,对于定量评估火球热辐射风险具有重要意义.     

Earthquake-related chemical and radioactivity changes of thermal water in Kuzuluk-Adapazan,Turkey

The movements of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) caused two devastating earthquakes within an 87-day interval, epicentered on G?lcük-Izmit (17 August, 1999) and Düzce-Bolu (12 November, 1999). The Kuzuluk geothermal area (KGA) is located in the middle of the epicenters and the distance between the geothermal area and the fault zone is less than 5 km. Hot water samples were collected from two thermal boreholes that supply hot water to the Kuzuluk thermal complex. The water samples taken prior to and after earthquakes were analysed by Neutron Activation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Particularly, increase in total a and total beta activities, in the content of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu and decrease in the content of Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Co are significant. The highest values are 75, 35, 12 and 65 ppb for Pb, Cr, Ni and Cu, respectively. The lowest values are 45, 55, 15, 135 and 6 ppb for Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn and Co, respectively.     

Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%. ● Elevated salinity resulted in a small, complex, and more competitive network. ● Various AOB or denitrifiers responded differently to elevated salinity. ● Putative keystone taxa were dynamic and less abundant among various networks. Biological treatment processes are critical for sewage purification, wherein microbial interactions are tightly associated with treatment performance. Previous studies have focused on assessing how environmental factors (such as salinity) affect the diversity and composition of the microbial community but ignore the connections among microorganisms. Here, we described the microbial interactions in response to elevated salinity in an activated sludge system by performing an association network analysis. It was found that higher salinity resulted in low microbial diversity, and small, complex, more competitive overall networks, leading to poor performance of the treatment process. Subnetworks of major phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi) and functional bacteria (such as AOB, NOB and denitrifiers) differed substantially under elevated salinity process. Compared with subnetworks of Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosomonas (AOB) made a greater contribution to nitrification under higher salinity (especially 3%) in the activated sludge system. Denitrifiers established more proportion of cooperative relationships with other bacteria to resist 3% salinity stress. Furthermore, identified keystone species playing crucial roles in maintaining process stability were dynamics and less abundant under salinity disturbance. Knowledge gleaned from this study deepened our understanding of microbial interaction in response to elevated salinity in activated sludge systems.     

Epidemiological investigation on mercury contamination in gold mining and its effect on health

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎ ｐａｉｄ ｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｚｉｌｌｏｕｘ ,1993;Ｍｏｎａｍｙ ,1993;Ｇｕａｎ ,1994;Ｙａｎｇ ,1992 ;Ｌｉ,1993;1994;ＳＣＯＰＥ ,1994) .ＴｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｆｏｃｕｓｉｓｔｏｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅＨｇｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｔｈｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎ’ｓｈｅａｌｔｈ .Ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍ“ｍｉ…     

液相高分子化合物基质保留—原子吸收分光光度法(LPR—FAAS)测定水中痕量重金属

本文论述了用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中重金属的一种新方法.水中的重金属可以被具模过滤槽中的水溶性高分子化合物持留,本文也讨论了影响重金属测定的各种因素.用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和聚硫脲(PTU)作为螯合性高分子试剂的方法已在测定饮用水和河水中的Ni、Cu、Zn、Hg和Cd中得到了应用,这些重金属经pH为7的2%PEI溶液浓缩250倍后能够被测出,回收率至少可达到92%,检出限(ng/ml)Cu为0.012.Zn0.006.Ni 0.03.Cd 0.004.Hg(冷蒸汽法)0.0001.当使用一种新型的具模过滤槽时.甚至可以获得更高的浓集系数.从而可以测定更低浓度的重金属.     

Effects of nature organic matters and hydrated metal oxides on the anaerobic degradation of lindane,p,p''''-DDT and HCB in sediments

IntroductionLindane ,p,p’ DDTandHCBaresemivolatileandlipophilic ,andtheyfallintotheclassofcompoundsdescribedaspersistentorganicpollutants.Moreover,thesecompoundshavebeenidentifiedaspotentendocrinedisrupters(Smith ,2 0 0 2 ;Willett,1 998;Robert,2 0 0 1 ) .Ithasbeenreportedchlorinatedorganiccompoundscanbedecomposedveryslowlyinsedimentsthroughvariousreactions(Niesl,1 990 ) .Factorsinfluencingthebiodegradationofcompoundsarevarious.Amongthem ,itwasreportedthattheeffectsofnaturalorganicmatters…     

可拓综合评价在燃气系统泄漏事故应急救援中的应用

燃气系统发生泄漏,如不能及时有效进行应急救援,极易引发严重的事故后果,因此,准确确定应急响应等级,进行有针对性的救援工作是控制燃气系统泄漏事故后果严重性的关键。从众多影响因素中,分析并确定了影响燃气系统泄漏事故后果严重性的主要因素,对各因素严重程度进行了等级划分。引入了可拓工程方法,建立了燃气系统泄漏事故后果严重性可拓综合评价模型,阐述了评价步骤和方法。当各影响因素分属不同等级时,根据所建模型能综合确定燃气系统泄漏事故后果严重性等级,依此进行事故应急救援分级响应。该方法能够克服人为评判失误,有利于指导有效事故救援,控制事故影响范围。运用该模型对一事故案例进行了计算,计算结果表明此方法用于确定应急救援响应等级是可行的。     

Pollution characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in PM2:5 in Xiamen, China

Xiamen,located on the southeastern coastal line of China,is undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization,so its air quality has a trend of degradation.However,studies on level,temporal and spatial changes of fine particles (PM2.5) and their carbonaceous fractions are scarce.In this article,abundance,sources,seasonal and spatial variations,distribution of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5,were studied at suburban,urban and industrial sites in Xiamen during four season-representative months in 2009-2010.PM2.5 samples were collected with middle volume sampler and were analyzed for OC and EC with thermal optical transmittance (TOT) method.Results showed that the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 63.88-74.80 μg/m3 at three sites.While OC and EC concentrations were in the range of 15.81-19.73 μg/m3 and 2.74-3.49 μg/m3,respectively,and clearly presented the summer minima and winter maxima in this study.The carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 42.8％-47.3％ of the mass of PM2.5.The annual average of secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in Xiamen were 9.23-11.36 μg/m3,accounting for approximately 56％ of OC.Strong correlations between OC and EC was found in spring (R2 = 0.50) and autumn (R2 = 0.73),suggesting that there were similar emission and transport processes for carbonaceous aerosols in these two seasons,while weak correlations were found in summer (R2 = 0.33) and winter (R2 = 0.41).The OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 varied from 2.1 to 8.7 with an annual average of 5.7,indicating that vehicle exhaust,coal smoke and biomass burning were main source apportionments of carbonaceous fractions in Xiamen.     

专业认证背景下《防火防爆工程》课程教学改革探究

<正>工程教育专业认证是国际通行的工程教育质量保障制度,也是实现工程教育国际互认和工程师资格国际互认的重要基础。中国自2006年开展工程教育认证,目的是构建中国工程教育质量监控体系,推进工程教育改革,进一步提高工程教育质量,提高国际竞争力。安全工程专业自2008年以来在全国范围内首次开展专业认证试点工作,从根本上提高了安全科技人才的培养质量,强化了本专业学生的创新能力与工程实践能力,满足各个行业对人才知识、能力、素质三方面的要求,使其将来更好地为社会经济发展服务。     

Road transport and urban air quality in China

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｈａｓｔａｋｅｎｔｈｅａｕｔｏｍｏｂｉｌｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙａｓｏｎｅｏｆｉｔｓｐｉｌｌａｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａ．Ｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆａｕｔｏｍｏｔｉｖｅｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｓｓｅｎｇｅｒｓｉｓ４５％,ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈａｔｏｆｃａｒｇｏｉｓａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ１５％．Ａｕｔｏｍｏｂｉｌｅｎｏｗｐｌａｙｓａｍｏｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｓｈｏｒｔｒａｎｇｅｔｒａｎｓ…