粉末活性炭—活性污泥法处理系统

Dupont厂生产多种化学产品——染料、有机中间体、四乙铅、弹性化合物和碳氟化合物。该化工厂废水量大,含污染物多,酸性强,并含有多种重金属、染料、有机化合物等。由于该化工厂的产品生产计划多变,因此废水的成分及其浓度也多变。为了处理这种难于处理的废水,采用了粉末活性炭活性污泥法处理系统(PAOT)。本文是叙述这种处理系统的试运行     

1420铝锂合金模锻件锻造工艺的研究

利用高温变形实验 ,研究了 14 2 0铝锂合金在不同变形条件下的变形行为 ,获得合金的塑性图、变形抗力图、晶粒尺寸 变形程度关系图 ,确定出合金的锻造工艺参数 :锻造温度为 35 0～4 2 0℃ ,临界变形程度为 8%～ 10 % ,变形速率以低速为宜。结合实际情况 ,制定出合理的、经济的14 2 0铝锂合金模锻件成形工艺 ,即 6 0 0 0t水压机上多方锻开坯→车成锥体→ 80 0 0t卧式挤压机上终压模成形。生产出的 14 2 0合金模锻件尺寸精度高 ,综合性能优良。     

除草剂拉索对地下水影响研究

研究了除草剂拉索在滨海冲积沙壤中的残留及其对浅层地下水的影响，并用ＰＲＺＭ模型进行计算机模拟．两年连续试验结果表明，拉索在施药区内的浅层地下水中均有检出．在施药区外１０ｍ处，施药６０ｄ后亦有检出．降雨对其移动影响显著．拉索在土壤中残留动态的田间测定结果与计算机模拟基本一致．根据现有结果认为，拉索可在我国使用，但使用地区应作适当限制．     

HPLC法测定废水中苯胺类化合物

用乙醚为提取有机相，提取前先经碱化，提取后加酸使苯胺成盐，吹去乙醚，用ＨＰＬＣ法测定苯胺类化合物。方法适用于测定废水中苯胺类化合物。检出限：苯胺３．０ｎｇ，邻硝基苯胺０．５ｎｇ，对硝基苯胺１．０ｎｇ。线性范围：苯胺０．８１７－１３．０７２μｇ／ｍｌ，邻硝基苯胺０．１４６４－２．３４２４μｇ／ｍｌ，对硝基苯胺０．２５３－４．０４８μｇ／ｍｌ。精密度（ＣＶ）：苯胺２．３８％，邻硝基苯胺１．０９％，对硝     

不同晶型铁氧化物Fenton和UV-Fenton降解橙Ⅱ的催化性能

选取了磁铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿3种不同晶型的铁氧化物,用XRD和BET进行了表征。将3种铁氧化物作为催化剂用于Fenton和UV-Fenton(254 nm UVC)降解偶氮染料橙II,测定了染料降解过程中溶液中铁离子浓度的变化规律,用于分析3种铁氧化物的催化过程。用单位比表面积反应速率常数(k/Ssur)评价了3种铁氧化物UV-Fenton催化降解橙Ⅱ的能力,以揭示UV-Fenton体系中铁氧化物晶型与催化性能的关系。结果表明,Fenton体系中,磁铁矿能通过表面固有的2价铁催化产生羟基自由基降解橙Ⅱ,其催化能力高于针铁矿和赤铁矿;UV-Fenton体系中,磁铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿催化降解橙Ⅱ的单位比表面积反应速率常数分别为0.048 8 g/(m2·min)、0.023 4 g/(m2·min)和0.001 0 g/(m2·min),可见磁铁矿的催化能力明显高于针铁矿和赤铁矿;UV-Fenton体系中,磁铁矿以多相反应为主,针铁矿以均相反应为主,而赤铁矿则是两者共同作用。研究表明,磁铁矿是多相铁氧化物UV-Fenton催化剂的理想晶型,同时也是合成新型多相光助-芬顿催化剂理想的活性组分。     

Submicron particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Polish teaching rooms: Concentrations, origin and health hazard

The goal of the work was to investigate the concentrations of the 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) bound to submicrometer particles(particulate matter, PM_1) suspended in the air of university teaching rooms and in the atmospheric air outside. Two teaching rooms were selected in two Polish cities, Gliwice, southern Poland,and Warsaw, central Poland, differing with regard to the ambient concentrations and major sources of PM and PAH. The variabilities of indoor and outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH, the ratio(I/O) of the indoor to outdoor 24-hr concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH, probable sources of PAH and the level of the hazard from the mixture of the 16 PAH(ΣPAH) to humans at both sites were analyzed. In both Warsaw and Gliwice, the mean concentrations of PM_1-bound ΣPAH were slightly higher in the atmospheric air than in the rooms. The indoor and outdoor concentrations of individual PAH in Gliwice were correlated,in Warsaw – they were not. Most probably, the lack of the correlations in Warsaw was due to the existence of an unidentified indoor source of gaseous PAH enriching PM_1 in phenanthrene, fluorene, and pyrene. Although the ambient concentrations of PM_1-bound PAH were low compared to the ones observed earlier at both sites, they were much higher than in other urbanized European areas. However, because of low mass share of heavy PAH in ΣPAH, the various indicators of the health hazard from the 16 PAH mixture were low compared to other regions.