微生物制药菌渣管理信息平台设计研究

针对我国微生物制药菌渣监管体系不完善的问题,提出采用GIS、GPS、GPRS、计算机网络通信和数据处理等技术手段,对菌渣的收集、储存、转运、处理处置等关键环节进行动态实时监控,进而构建菌渣管理信息平台,并给出了相应的管理制度建议,对平台的规划以及系统的功能结构进行了一些探索,提出了微生物制药菌渣事故响应制度和菌渣生产和处理企业奖惩制度,有助于促进制药菌渣全过程管理的有效实现。     

徐州云龙湖底泥重金属污染评价

本文测定了云龙湖底泥中铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)4种重金属元素含量。运用了累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其污染程度和潜在生态风险进行评价:4种重金属中Cu为中度污染,Pb为轻度污染,其余2种均未构成污染。云龙湖底泥中重金属污染的潜在生态风险表现为轻微的程度,生态风险顺序是Mn>Cu>Pb>Zn。     

UASB工艺在甘蔗渣浆纸厂堆垛蔗渣渗出液处理中的应用

利用甘蔗渣生产纸浆厂堆垛蔗渣产生的渗出液CODcr浓度高达8000～13000mg/L,属于较难处理的高浓度有机废水.将UASB废水处理技术应用于处理清洁堆垛蔗渣产生的渗出液,不仅能够获得良好的处理效果,而且能降低废水处理成本,从而实现经济效益、环境效益和社会效益三赢.     

Spatiotemporal patterns and other impacting factors on wheat production of Tibet,China北大核心CSCD

Wheat is the second-largest food crop in Tibet, China. Along with economic development, the pattern of wheat production in Tibet has changed dramatically, potentially affecting the balance of grain supply and demand, as well as food security. A clear understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and other factors affecting wheat production can provide a necessary basis for the scientific management and efficient production of wheat. Based on the wheat yield from 1990 to 2020 in 74 county-level units of Tibet, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal change patterns of Tibetan wheat production and its impacting factors using the Gini coefficient, center of gravity move method, advantage index, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and geographically weighted regression model (GWR). Results showed that: (1) the total wheat production in Tibet rose from 1990 to 1999, fluctuated, and then decreased from 1999 to 2020. The production areas are mainly concentrated in the southern Tibetan Valley and counties in the Three Rivers region of eastern Tibet. (2) The spatial distribution and agglomeration pattern of wheat in Tibet is relatively stable, and the production center shows a slight fluctuation trend from west to east during the 1990-2020 time period. (3) Based on the comprehensive advantage index (CAI), Tibet’s wheat production in advantaged areas, slightly advantaged areas, slightly disadvantaged areas, and disadvantaged areas accounted for 13.5%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 40.5% of the total production, respectively; indicating that the regional distribution of CAI exhibits spatial agglomeration rather than sporadic distribution. The patterns are HH (high-high), LH (low-high), and random; 29 hot spots are mainly distributed in Lhasa, Shannan, and Nyingchi, while the cold spots are mainly distributed in Xigazê and Ngari; and (4) the impacting factors on Tibet’s wheat production mainly include effective irrigation areas and agricultural mechanization level as positive factors, and regional gross agricultural product as the main negative factor. In addition, rainfall, other grain output, livestock inventory at the end of the year, and the number of non-primary industries also have an impact on wheat production. Wheat planting area in Tibet has been declining in recent years, thus exhibiting a significant pattern of spatial agglomeration. The three dominant factors affecting the emerging spatiotemporal pattern of wheat production in Tibet are the irrigation condition, mechanization, and local economic development levels. Based on the above conclusions, the study suggests building a high-yield wheat area consistent with local conditions by strictly protecting arable land, improving irrigation conditions, and increasing machinery investment. Depending on the counties of high-yield areas, Tibetan farmers and herders should cultivate the bases of wheat production and build a wheat base for local wheat consumption. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

狐王的恐怖报复

我的朋友、忘年交陈向东经常给我讲述他的经历,有一次他的讲述简直把我震住了,立刻记录下来。当年他们在大草原上过度放牧,与土生土长的草狐群发生严重冲突,到了势不两立的地步。最终,他们发动了一场规模空前、无与伦比的火攻战,把全部草狐群赶出老巢,肆无忌惮地屠杀,几乎全部消灭!陈向东盯住“狐王”,猛打猛杀,却遭到了它离奇致命的攻击,那一幕幕无法想象,难以置信,令他不堪回首……     

镜泊湖沉积物各形态磷分布特征及释放贡献

将镜泊湖分为北部湖区、中部湖区、东部湖区、西部湖区、南部湖区共设置23个表层沉积物采样点和10个沉积柱芯采样点,采用The Standards,Measurements and Testing Programme （SMT）法测定沉积物中总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）、铁/铝结合态磷（NaOH-P）、钙结合态磷（HCl-P）.分析镜泊湖沉积物各形态磷的来源、空间分布特征和对磷释放的贡献.结果表明,镜泊湖湖区沉积物各形态磷有3个主要成分,其中成分1主要代表生活污水和工业废水,主成分2主要代表农业污染,主成分3主要代表碎屑岩、自生磷灰石和含磷矿物质等;镜泊湖沉积物各形态磷的空间分布具有一定的空间差异性,分布特征受镜泊湖水文特征和人类活动影响较大.湖区沉积物各形态磷含量整体而言随深度的增加不同程度的下降;对沉积物不同形态磷的磷释放贡献进行分析,分析表明,镜泊湖各湖区沉积物短时间尺度内以滞留为主,但在长时间尺度下具有一定的释放风险.     

西安市采暖季与非采暖季环境空气中二噁英类物质浓度特征变化研究

为研究西安环境空气中二噁英类物质的浓度变化特征，选择西安市采暖季和非采暖季开展持续22周监测工作，并使用高分辨气相色谱高分辨质谱法对样品进行分析研究。结果显示：该市采暖季和非采暖季二噁英浓度均低于国内其他城市；采暖季期间化石能源燃烧是二噁英毒性当量质量浓度升高的主要原因；17种二噁英同类物浓度在时间与空间上分布特征基本相同。在采暖季期间，二噁英主要存在于细颗粒物中；在非采暖季，低氯代二噁英及呋喃主要存在于气相中，高氯代二噁英及呋喃主要存在于颗粒物中。采暖季期间，可通过采用非化石能源燃烧和佩戴PM_2.5口罩减少二噁英对人体的危害。     

管廊内电缆内热源燃烧过程数值模拟研究

为预防综合管廊局部空间内部电缆火灾事故的发生，运用火灾动力学模拟软件(FDS)三维传热和热解模型，对15 kV铜芯电缆着火过程建模分析，分析不同条件下电缆温度分布、热解气体分布以及热释放速率(HRR)曲线，以及热源功率大小和持续时间对电缆燃烧过程的影响。结果表明：随着热源功率的增加，电缆着火时间缩短，火灾危险性增加；HRR峰值和最大火蔓延长度(FSL)随着热源功率的增加呈线性增长；及时阻断热源功率可有效预防火灾的发生；热源功率消失后的火焰残留时间随着热源功率持续时间的增加整体呈现先上升后下降的趋势。