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91.
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Importance of competition mechanisms in successive invasions by polyphagous tephritids in La Reunion
Understanding the strength and modes of interspecific interactions between introduced and resident species (native or previously introduced) is necessary to predict invasion success. We evaluated different mechanisms of interspecific competition among four species of polyphagous fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the island of La Reunion: one endemic species, Ceratitis catoirii, and three exotic species, C. capitata, C. rosa, and Bactrocera zonata, that have successively invaded the island. Larval competition experiments, i.e., co-infestations of the same fruit, and behavioral interference experiments measuring the ability of one female to displace another from a fruit, were performed among all pairs of the four species. We observed asymmetric and hierarchical interactions among species in both larval and adult interference competition. In agreement with the hypothesis that invasion is competition-limited, the competitive hierarchy coincided with the temporal sequence of establishment on the island, i.e., each newly established species tended to be competitively dominant over previously established ones. 相似文献
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Kfoury Miriana Auezova Lizette Greige-Gerges Hélène Fourmentin Sophie 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):129-143
Environmental Chemistry Letters - There is a growing interest for aromatic and biological properties of essential oils as alternatives to synthetic chemicals and drugs. However, essential oils and... 相似文献
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Raúl E. O'Ryan 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1996,31(3):302-313
This paper examines the applicability of market-based incentives for controlling emissions of particulate matter from fixed sources, in a developing-country context. It uses Santiago, Chile as a case study. A linear programming model has been developed to establish the costs of achieving different air quality targets using marketable permits and command-and-control (CAC) policies. The main conclusion is that an ambient permit system (APS) substantially reduces compliance costs of achieving a given air quality target at each receptor location in the city. Consequently, the use of permits is warranted. However, spatial differentiation of permits is required, thus complicating the design and use of such an instrument. Moreover, the reduction in compliance costs under APS is significantly less when the air quality targets imposed for each receptor location are the same as those achieved by other CAC policies. 相似文献
98.
Landscape-level thresholds, and newt conservation. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ecological thresholds are defined as points or zones at which a rapid change occurs from one ecological condition to another. The existence of thresholds in species-habitat relationships has important implications for management, but the lack of concordance across studies and the wide range of methods used make generalizations difficult. We used two different statistical methods to test for the existence of thresholds for both individual species and the whole community, using three newt species as models. Based on a sample of 371 ponds, we found significant thresholds for both landscape configuration and composition. These were for the relationships between distance to forest and occurrence of Triturus alpestris and T. helveticus, and forest and crop cover and T. helveticus. Variability in the location of thresholds observed for the different species in this study caution against their use at the community level. Future studies should be based on the identification and assessment of thresholds for targeted species. Thresholds can be a useful concept from which tools may be developed to focus conservation effort for threatened species and their habitats. 相似文献
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Eeva A. Mustonen Tuija Jokela Ilkka Saastamoinen Juhani Taponen Suvi Taponen Hannu Saloniemi Kristiina Wähälä 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,3(4):154-159
An expedient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative analysis of environmental estrogenic isoflavonoids, particularly (S)-equol, in red clover fed ewes. We report here the phytoestrogen analysis of red clover silage and the serum of ewes fed with this feed. Ewes received daily 10.5 g of formononetin on average from red clover silage. In the serum samples a major part of formononetin had been metabolised to equol (average 7.7 μg ml−1). According to chiral HPLC analysis, the equol present in the serum of ewes was solely of the (S)-form. We also demonstrate the presence of the metabolite O-demethylangolensin (O-DMA) in ovine serum. 相似文献