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61.
Júnior Silvio Vaz Gravina Érica Gonçalves Moraes Maria Carolina Blassioli Zaioncz Soraia Valadares Leonardo Fonseca Borges Miguel Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(48):72670-72682
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The control of pests in agricultural systems is currently based on the widespread use of pesticides that efficiently control pests but have negative... 相似文献
62.
Abstract: We compared and integrated marine protected areas proposed through community and scientific assessments in 2 regions of British Columbia, Canada. The community priorities were identified during individual and group interviews with knowledgeable resource users. The scientific priorities were developed with abiotic and biotic data in Marxan, a decision-support tool. The resulting maps of community-based and science-based priorities were very similar for the inshore areas, which lent credibility to both approaches. The resource users thought the science-based maps were fairly good at highlighting areas important for conservation, but preferred the scenarios that integrated the 2 maps to either constituent map. Incorporating spatial variation in human impacts on the marine areas and commercial fishing, which are both costs of protection, into our Marxan analyses led to scenarios that were different from either constituent map. Our results show the value of integrating community-based and science-based approaches in conservation planning to achieve community acceptance and conservation utility. They also reveal that people's assessments on the basis of their traditional ecological knowledge may serve as a reasonable proxy for scientific approaches in selecting areas of ecological value. 相似文献
63.
Gihad E. Chalouhi Anne-Élodie Millischer Houman Mahallati Nathalie Siauve Andrew Melbourne David Grevent Nicolas Vinit Laurence Heidet Yves Aigrain Yves Ville Thomas Blanc Laurent J. Salomon 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(1):100-109
Fetal anomalies are detected in approximately 2% of all fetuses and, among these, genitourinary tract abnormalities account for 30% to 50% of all structural anomalies present at birth. Although ultrasound remains the first line diagnostic modality, fetal MRI provides important additional structural and functional information, especially with the development of faster sequences and the use of functional sequences. The added value of MRI-based imaging is three-fold: (a) improvement of diagnostic accuracy by adequate morphological examination, (b) detection of additional anomalies, and (c) in addition, MRI has the potential to provide information regarding renal function. In this review, we describe the role of fetal MRI in the anatomical evaluation of renal and urogenital tract anomalies, and we also touch upon the contribution of functional MRI to the diagnostic workup of these conditions. 相似文献
64.
Conservation, Human Rights, and Poverty Reduction 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
65.
Virginie Marques Paul Castagné Andréa Polanco Fernández Giomar Helena Borrero-Pérez Régis Hocdé Pierre-Édouard Guérin Jean-Baptiste Juhel Laure Velez Nicolas Loiseau Tom Bech Letessier Sandra Bessudo Alice Valentini Tony Dejean David Mouillot Loïc Pellissier Sébastien Villéger 《Conservation biology》2021,35(6):1944-1956
Assessing the impact of global changes and protection effectiveness is a key step in monitoring marine fishes. Most traditional census methods are demanding or destructive. Nondisturbing and nonlethal approaches based on video and environmental DNA are alternatives to underwater visual census or fishing. However, their ability to detect multiple biodiversity factors beyond traditional taxonomic diversity is still unknown. For bony fishes and elasmobranchs, we compared the performance of eDNA metabarcoding and long-term remote video to assess species’ phylogenetic and functional diversity. We used 10 eDNA samples from 30 L of water each and 25 hr of underwater videos over 4 days on Malpelo Island (pacific coast of Colombia), a remote marine protected area. Metabarcoding of eDNA detected 66% more molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) than species on video. We found 66 and 43 functional entities with a single eDNA marker and videos, respectively, and higher functional richness for eDNA than videos. Despite gaps in genetic reference databases, eDNA also detected a higher fish phylogenetic diversity than videos; accumulation curves showed how 1 eDNA transect detected as much phylogenetic diversity as 25 hr of video. Environmental DNA metabarcoding can be used to affordably, efficiently, and accurately census biodiversity factors in marine systems. Although taxonomic assignments are still limited by species coverage in genetic reference databases, use of MOTUs highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding once reference databases have expanded. 相似文献
66.
67.
Trends in Deforestation and Forest Degradation after a Decade of Monitoring in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We used aerial photographs, satellite images, and field surveys to monitor forest cover in the core zones of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve in Mexico from 2001 to 2012. We used our data to assess the effectiveness of conservation actions that involved local, state, and federal authorities and community members (e.g., local landowners and private and civil organizations) in one of the world's most iconic protected areas. From 2001 through 2012, 1254 ha were deforested (i.e., cleared areas had <10% canopy cover), 925 ha were degraded (i.e., areas for which canopy forest decreased), and 122 ha were affected by climatic conditions. Of the total 2179 ha of affected area, 2057 ha were affected by illegal logging: 1503 ha by large‐scale logging and 554 ha by small‐scale logging. Mexican authorities effectively enforced efforts to protect the monarch reserve, particularly from 2007 to 2012. Those efforts, together with the decade‐long financial support from Mexican and international philanthropists and businesses to create local alternative‐income generation and employment, resulted in the decrease of large‐scale illegal logging from 731 ha affected in 2005–2007 to none affected in 2012, although small‐scale logging is of growing concern. However, dire regional social and economic problems remain, and they must be addressed to ensure the reserve's long‐term conservation. The monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) overwintering colonies in Mexico—which engage in one of the longest known insect migrations—are threatened by deforestation, and a multistakeholder, regional, sustainable‐development strategy is needed to protect the reserve. Tendencias en la Deforestación y la Degradación de Forestal después de una Década de Monitoreo en la Reserva de la Biósfera de la Mariposa Monarca en México 相似文献
68.
GONTRAN F. BAGE RÉJEAN SAMSON BERNARD SINCLAIR-DESGAGNÉ 《Environmental management》2002,30(6):0807-0815
A technicoeconomic model is developed to select an optimal strategy for the remediation of a contaminated site and to determine
the value of this remediation strategy. The model is an extension of actual cost–benefit analysis, with consideration of “irreversible”
remediation technology choices, technology effectiveness, and uncertainty on the site's level of contamination. The model
considers the possibility of reducing uncertainty by both acquiring more and better information on the level of contamination
and by offering the decision-maker the opportunity to reevaluate his decision and switch to a more appropriate technology.
It is believed that this model will help decision-makers in the selection of a remediation strategy by presenting all potentially
feasible strategies, and how uncertainty on the site's level of contamination affects these strategies. 相似文献
69.
SOLANGE PAPINI TOMAZ LANGENBACH LUIZ C. LUCHINI MARA M. DE ANDRÉA 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):523-530
Contamination of soil with pesticides can be evaluated using toxicity tests with worms because their ecological niche makes them good bioindicators. Bioaccumulation in compost worms of [methyl- 14C] paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride) was measured after three-month exposure in two substrates with differing physicochemical characteristics, in particular their organic matter and clay contents. The treatments were 1.2, 12, and 120 μg paraquat g?1 substrate. The action of the worms did not influence the loss of 14C from the substrates, as the 14C-recovered was essentially quantitative at the end of the study in both the presence and absence of the worms. The organic matter and clay contents of the substrates determined the extent of the paraquat uptake by the worms; worms from the substrate with smaller amounts of clay and organic matter had the higher values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF), these being about 5 (fresh-weight basis) and independent of the application rate. The BCF values in the substrate containing more organic matter and clay were smaller but increased from 1.1 to 3.8 with the increasing rates of application. However, in both substrates the amounts of paraquat bioaccumulated in the worms was always less than 1% of that applied, indicating the very strong binding of paraquat to the substrates and hence low availability to the worms. 相似文献
70.