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61.
Aminul Islam Mohammad Asaduddin Laskar Akil Ahmad 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2691-2704
Nascent Amberlite XAD-4 has been used as the polymeric support for the synthesis of a stable extractor of metal ions, by incorporating phthalic acid through azo bridging. Elemental analyses and infra-red spectral and thermal studies were carried out for its characterization. The water regain value and hydrogen ion capacity were found to be 12.50 and 5.75 mmol g?1, respectively. The optimum pH range for the maximum sorption of Ni(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), and Co(II) was observed at pH 5.5–8.0 with the corresponding half-loading time (t 1/2) of 9, 5, 9, 9, 3, 9, and 5 min, respectively. The preconcentration factor for Ni(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), and Co(II) are 190, 190, 190, 180, 180, 160, and 160, with the corresponding limit of preconcentration in the range of 5.25–6.25 μg L?1. The detection limits, for flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, were found to be 0.62, 0.60, 0.65, 0.75, 0.72, 0.84, and 0.85 μg L?1, respectively. Method has been successfully applied to the analysis of water samples, multivitamin formulations, infant food substitutes, hydrogenated oil, and fishes. 相似文献
62.
M. Z. Chaudhary N. Ahmad A. Mashiatullah N. Ahmad A. Ghaffar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(8):6677-6691
Sediment core from Korangi Creek, one of the polluted coastal locations along the Karachi Coast Pakistan, was collected to trace the history of marine pollution and to determine the impact of industrial activity in the area. Down core variation of metals such as Ca, K, Mg, Al, S, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn was studied in the 72.0 cm core. Nuclear analytical techniques, proton induced X-rays emission (PIXE), was employed to ascertain the chemical composition in sediment core. Grain size analysis and sediment composition of cored samples indicated that Korangi creek sediments are clayey in nature. Correlation matrix revealed a strong association of Ni, Cu, Cr and Zn with Fe and Mn. To infer anthropogenic input, enrichment factor (EF), degree of contamination and pollution load index were calculated. EF showed severe enrichment in surface sediment for Ni, Cu, Cr and Zn, indicating increased industrial effluents discharge in recent years. The study suggests that heavy metal discharge in the area should be regulated. If the present trend of enrichment is allowed to continue unabated, it is most likely that the local food web complexes in the creek might be at highest risk. 相似文献
63.
Mohammed F. M. Abushammala Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri Rahmah Elfithri 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9967-9978
Methane (CH4) emissions and oxidation were measured at the Air Hitam sanitary landfill in Malaysia and were modeled using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change waste model to estimate the CH4 generation rate constant, k. The emissions were measured at several locations using a fabricated static flux chamber. A combination of gas concentrations in soil profiles and surface CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at four monitoring locations were used to estimate the CH4 oxidation capacity. The temporal variations in CH4 and CO2 emissions were also investigated in this study. Geospatial means using point kriging and inverse distance weight (IDW), as well as arithmetic and geometric means, were used to estimate total CH4 emissions. The point kriging, IDW, and arithmetic means were almost identical and were two times higher than the geometric mean. The CH4 emission geospatial means estimated using the kriging and IDW methods were 30.81 and 30.49 g m?2 day?1, respectively. The total CH4 emissions from the studied area were 53.8 kg day?1. The mean of the CH4 oxidation capacity was 27.5 %. The estimated value of k is 0.138 year?1. Special consideration must be given to the CH4 oxidation in the wet tropical climate for enhancing CH4 emission reduction. 相似文献
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66.
Fuels like coal and rubber are frequently used for brick burning. However, both coal and rubber contain heavy metals. These heavy metals may elutriate in the wake of fly ash or may adsorb or absorb in the product. The present work deals with the analysis of heavy metals in some samples collected from brick burning industries located in the vicinity of a metropolitan city, Peshawar, Pakistan. Samples from raw clay, product, chimney scale and fossil fuel & rubber were collected and leached with acid mixture. The leachates were concentrated and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and antimony (Sb). It was observed that heavy metals are present in clay, brick and chimney scale. However, significant amount of these metals was observed in chimney scale. It is inferred that such emanations laden with heavy metals are accompanying the stack gases which are being dumped in to the environment. In order to avoid environmental problems, strict environmental regulations shall be enforced and a constant check on these emanations to the environment must be made to ensure clean air act. 相似文献
67.
Anthropogenic impacts on heavy metal concentrations in the coastal sediments of Dumai, Indonesia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amin B Ismail A Arshad A Yap CK Kamarudin MS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,148(1-4):291-305
Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe were determined in the surface sediments to investigate the distributions, concentrations and the pollution status of heavy metals in Dumai coastal waters. Sediment samples from 23 stations, representing 5 different site groups of eastern, central and western Dumai and southern and northern Rupat Island, were collected in May 2005. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations (in microg/g dry weight; Fe in %) were 0.88 (0.46-1.89); 6.08 (1.61-13.84); 32.34 (14.63-84.90); 53.89 (31.49-87.11); 11.48 (7.26-19.97) and 3.01 (2.10-3.92) for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Fe, respectively. Generally, metal concentrations in the coastal sediments near Dumai city center (eastern and central Dumai) which have more anthropogenic activities were higher than those at other stations. Average concentration of Cd in the eastern Dumai was slightly higher than effective range low (ERL) but still below effective range medium (ERM) value established by Long et al. (Environmental Management 19(1):81-97, 1995; Environmental Toxicology Chemistry 17(4):714-727, 1997). All other metals were still below ERL and ERM. Calculated enrichment factor (EF), especially for Cd and Pb, and the Pollution load index (PLI) value in the eastern Dumai were also higher than other sites. Cd showed higher EF when compared to other metals. Geo-accumulation indices (I(geo)) in most of the stations (all site groups) were categorized as class 1 (unpolluted to moderately polluted environment) and only Cd in Cargo Port was in class 2 (moderately polluted). Heavy metal concentrations found in the present study were comparable to other regions of the world and based on the calculated indices it can be classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted coastal environment. 相似文献
68.
Zati Sharip Ahmad Taqiyuddin Ahmad Zaki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):4959-4969
Thermal structure and water quality in a large and shallow lake in Malaysia were studied between January 2012 and June 2013 in order to understand variations in relation to water level fluctuations and in-stream mining activities. Environmental variables, namely temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, chlorophyll-A and transparency, were measured using a multi-parameter probe and a Secchi disk. Measurements of environmental variables were performed at 0.1 m intervals from the surface to the bottom of the lake during the dry and wet seasons. High water level and strong solar radiation increased temperature stratification. River discharges during the wet season, and unsustainable sand mining activities led to an increased turbidity exceeding 100 NTU, and reduced transparency, which changed the temperature variation and subsequently altered the water quality pattern. 相似文献
69.
Kabir Ahmad Azizullah Azizullah Shama Shama Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7357-7366
The present study was conducted to investigate the contamination of water, sediments, and fish tissues with heavy metals in river Panjkora at Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Water, sediments, and fish (Shizothorax plagiostomus) samples were collected from September 2012 to January 2013 at three different sites (upstream site at Sharigut, sewage site at Timergara, and downstream site at Sadoo) of river Panjkora. The concentrations of heavy metals in water were in the order Zn?>?Cu?≈?Pb?>?Ni?≈?Cd with mean values of 0.30, 0.01, 0.01, 0.0 and 0.0 mg/l, respectively, which were below the maximum permissible limits of WHO for drinking water. In sediments, heavy metals were found in the order Cu?>?Zn?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?Cd with mean concentrations of 50.6, 38.7, 9.3, 8, and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. Ni and Cd were not found in any fish tissues, but Zn, Cu, and Pb were detected with the mean concentration ranges of 0.04–1.19, 0.03–0.12, and 0.01–0.09 μg/g, respectively. The present study demonstrates that disposal of waste effluents causes a slight increase in the concentration of heavy metals in river Panjkora as revealed by variation in metal concentrations from upstream to downstream site. Sewage disposal was also found to change physicochemical characteristics of Panjkora water. At present, water and fish of river Panjkora are safe for human consumption, but the continuous sewage disposal may create problems in the future. 相似文献
70.
Morphometry and land cover based multi-criteria analysis for assessing the soil erosion susceptibility of the western Himalayan watershed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sadaff Altaf Gowhar Meraj Shakil Ahmad Romshoo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8391-8412
Complex mountainous environments such as Himalayas are highly susceptibility to natural hazards particular those that are triggered by the action of water such as floods, soil erosion, mass movements and siltation of the hydro-electric power dams. Among all the natural hazards, soil erosion is the most implicit and the devastating hazard affecting the life and property of the millions of people living in these regions. Hence to review and devise strategies to reduce the adverse impacts of soil erosion is of utmost importance to the planners of watershed management programs in these regions. This paper demonstrates the use of satellite based remote sensing data coupled with the observational field data in a multi-criteria analytical (MCA) framework to estimate the soil erosion susceptibility of the sub-watersheds of the Rembiara basin falling in the western Himalaya, using geographical information system (GIS). In this paper, watershed morphometry and land cover are used as an inputs to the MCA framework to prioritize the sub-watersheds of this basin on the basis of their different susceptibilities to soil erosion. Methodology included the derivation of a set of drainage and land cover parameters that act as the indicators of erosion susceptibility. Further the output from the MCA resulted in the categorization of the sub-watersheds into low, medium, high and very high erosion susceptibility classes. A detailed prioritization map for the susceptible sub-watersheds based on the combined role of land cover and morphometry is finally presented. Besides, maps identifying the susceptible sub-watersheds based on morphometry and land cover only are also presented. The results of this study are part of the watershed management program in the study area and are directed to instigate appropriate measures to alleviate the soil erosion in the study area. 相似文献