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排序方式: 共有68条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Ishikawa Toshiharu Matsumoto Akio Szidarovszky Ferenc 《Environmental Economics and Policy Studies》2019,21(4):579-597
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - This study demonstrates the conditions under which an increase in the ambient charge positively or negatively affects the total level of non-point... 相似文献
32.
Harada KH Hitomi T Niisoe T Takanaka K Kamiyama S Watanabe T Moon CS Yang HR Hung NN Koizumi A 《Environment international》2011,37(7):1183-1189
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has recently attracted attention as a potential health risk following environmental contamination. However, information detailing exposure to perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) other than PFOA is limited. We measured the concentrations of PFCAs (from perfluorohexanoic acid to perfluorotetradecanoic acid) in serum samples obtained from patients in Japan (Sendai, Takayama, Kyoto and Osaka) between 2002 and 2009, Korea (Busan and Seoul) between 1994 and 2008 and Vietnam (Hanoi) in 2007/2008. Total PFCA levels (geometric mean) were increased from 8.9 ng mL(-1) to 10.3 ng mL(-1) in Japan; from 7.0 ng mL(-1) to 9.2 ng mL(-1) in Korea; and were estimated at 4.7 ng mL(-1) in Vietnam. PFCAs of greater length than PFOA were significantly increased in Sendai, Takayama and Kyoto, Japan, and levels of long-chain PFCAs exceeded PFOA levels in serum. Among these PFCAs, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) was the predominant component (28.5%), followed by perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA 17.5%), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA 7.9%), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA 6.1%) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA 1.8%). Odd-numbered PFCAs (PFNA, PFUnDA and PFTrDA) were also observed in Korea and Vietnam and their presence increased significantly in Korea between 1994 and 2007/2008. The proportion of long-chain PFCAs in serum was relatively high compared to reports in Western countries. Further investigations into the sources and exposure routes are needed to predict the future trajectory of these serum PFCA levels. 相似文献
33.
Historical trends in human dietary intakes of endosulfan and toxaphene in China, Korea and Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Desalegn B Takasuga T Harada KH Hitomi T Fujii Y Yang HR Wang P Senevirathna ST Koizumi A 《Chemosphere》2011,83(10):1398-1405
Recently, the Stockholm Convention prohibited the use of toxaphene and has been reviewing endosulfan. The historical use of these pesticides may contaminate food and tend to accumulate in the food chain. In this study, to evaluate the spatial and temporal trends of food contamination, the endosulfan and toxaphene levels were measured in pooled 24-h food composite samples from Chinese (n = 10), Korean (n = 10) and Japanese (n = 40) adults in the 1990s and 2007-2009. Endosulfan was detected in 32 of 40 samples from Japan, but its levels (sum of α- and β-isomers) were low in both the 1990s and 2009 (range as geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) [GM (GSD)]: 0.96 (1.6)-1.42 (1.4) ng kg−1 d−1). The dietary intakes of endosulfan in Seoul as GM (GSD) were 38.68 (1.3) ng kg bw−1 d−1 in 1994 and 92.17 (4.4) ng kg bw−1 d−1 in 2007, and significantly higher than those in Japan (p < 0.05). The samples from Beijing showed a 50-fold increase in the endosulfan levels from 1993 (GM: 0.58 ng kg−1 d−1) to 2009 (GM: 24.91 ng kg bw−1 d−1) (p < 0.05). Toxaphene was detected in 33 of 40 samples from Japan. The dietary intake of toxaphene in Japan (sum of Parlars #26, #50 and #62) was 0.32-1.21 ng kg bw−1 d−1 (range as geometric mean) and no temporal trend was observed. The dietary intake of toxaphene in Seoul increased significantly from 0.2 ng kg bw−1 d−1 (GM) in 1994 to 3.6 ng kg bw−1 d−1 (GM) in 2007 (p < 0.05). Only one of 10 pooled samples from Beijing contained a detectable level of toxaphene (0.3 ng kg bw−1 d−1). For the entire population, the risk of adverse health effects from dietary intakes of endosulfan and toxaphene is unlikely. However, the concentrations of endosulfan in several samples exceeded 10% of the acceptable daily intake limit value of 6 μg kg bw−1 d−1 set by the World Health Organization (WHO). It appears important to refine dietary intake estimates targeting food types and source identification to ensure safe food for consumers. 相似文献
34.
Kaoru Saito Kazuhiko Nakamura Mutsuyuki Ueta Reiko Kurosawa Akio Fujiwara Hill Hiroki Kobayashi Masaya Nakayama Ayako Toko Kazuyo Nagahama 《Ambio》2015,44(4):572-583
We have developed a system that streams and archives live sound from remote areas across Japan via an unmanned automatic camera. The system was used to carry out pilot bird censuses in woodland; this allowed us to examine the use of live sound transmission and the role of social media as a mediator in remote scientific monitoring. The system has been streaming sounds 8 h per day for more than five years. We demonstrated that: (1) the transmission of live sound from a remote woodland could be used effectively to monitor birds in a remote location; (2) the simultaneous involvement of several participants via Internet Relay Chat to listen to live sound transmissions could enhance the accuracy of census data collection; and (3) interactions through Twitter allowed members of the public to engage or help with the remote monitoring of birds and experience inaccessible nature through the use of novel technologies. 相似文献
35.
Knighton WB Herndon SC Shorter JH Miake-Lye RC Zahniser MS Akiyama K Shimono A Kitasaka K Shimajiri H Sugihara K 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(11):1370-1378
We demonstrate the use of an aldehyde scrubber system to resolve isobaric aldehyde/alkene interferences in a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) by selectively removing the aldehydes from the gas mixture without loss of quantitative information for the alkene components. The aldehyde scrubber system uses a bisulfite solution, which scrubs carbonyl compounds from the gas stream by forming water-soluble carbonyl bisulfite addition products, and has been evaluated using a synthetic mixture of acrolein and isoprene. Trapping efficiencies of acrolein exceeded 97%, whereas the transmission efficiency of isoprene was better than 92%. Quantification of the PTR-MS response to acrolein was validated through an intercomparison study that included two derivatization methods, dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and O-(4-cyano-2-ethoxybenzyl)hydroxylamine (CNET), and a spectroscopic method using a quantum cascade laser infrared absorption spectroscopy (QCL) instrument. Finally, using cigarette smoke as a complex matrix, the acrolein content was assessed using the scrubber and compared with direct QCL-based detection. 相似文献
36.
Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in raw and treated tap water from Osaka, Japan 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Takagi S Adachi F Miyano K Koizumi Y Tanaka H Mimura M Watanabe I Tanabe S Kannan K 《Chemosphere》2008,72(10):1409-1412
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have been recognized as emerging environmental pollutants because of their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment, biota, and humans. PFOS and PFOA have been detected in water in Japan. Nevertheless, occurrence of PFOS and PFOA in potable water from municipal water treatment plants is not clearly known. We analyzed PFOS and PFOA in raw and tap water samples collected from 14 drinking water treatment plants in winter and summer seasons in Osaka to determine the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in raw and potable tap water samples. PFOS and PFOA were detected in all raw water samples. Concentration ranges of PFOS and PFOA in raw water were 0.26-22 ng/l and 5.2-92 ng/l, respectively. Whereas the concentrations PFOS in raw water from Osaka were similar to those in other areas in Japan, the concentrations of PFOA were higher than in other areas. Concentration ranges of PFOS and PFOA in potable tap water were 0.16-22 ng/l and 2.3-84 ng/l, respectively. There were positive correlations between PFC concentrations in raw water and tap water samples. Therefore, the removal efficiency of PFCs by the present water treatment may be low. Based on the current action value reported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, PFOA concentrations found in tap water in Osaka is not expected to pose health risks. 相似文献
37.
Recycled Natural Fiber Polypropylene Composites: Water Absorption/Desorption Kinetics and Dimensional Stability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Detailed analysis of the effects of recycling process on long-term water absorption, thickness swelling and water desorption
behavior of natural fiber polypropylene composites is reported. Composite materials containing polypropylene and wood flour,
rice hulls or bagasse fibers were produced at constant fiber loading and were exposed to a simulated recycling process consisting
of up to five times grinding and reprocessing under controlled conditions. A wide range of analytical methods including water
absorption/desorption tests, thickness swelling tests, density measurement, scanning electron microscopy, image analysis,
contact angle, fiber length analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to understand the hygroscopic
behavior of the recycled composites. Water absorption and thickness swelling behaviors were modeled using existing predictive
models. Results indicated that generally the recycled composites had considerably lower water absorption and thickness swellings
as compared with the original composites which were attributed to changes in physical and chemical properties of the composites
induced by the recycling process. 相似文献
38.
39.
Tread compound of truck tires is based primarily on natural rubber or blends of natural rubber (NR) and synthetic polymers in combination with high grade carbon black. When the tread compound is attacked by a strain of Nocardia capable of degrading NR, part of the NR in the compound is mineralized, and part is disintegrated to very small black particles. The small black particles consist of the residual rubber and inorganic fillers. At higher NR content, large and deep cavities are formed on the surface of the pieces of the tread compound after microbial disintegration. At lower content of NR, large but very shallow cavities or very small pits can be seen on the tread surface. During microbial growth on the tread compound, isoprene oligomers with molecular weight of about two thousand are produced. Not only the isoprene oligomers, but also butadiene oligomers are produced during microbial disintegration of the tread compound of NR/synthetic rubber blend. 相似文献
40.
The role of metals in dioxin formation from combustion of newspapers and polyvinyl chloride in an incinerator 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Newspapers impregnated with NaCl mixed with various chloride metals (CuCl2, MgCl2, MnCl2, FeCl3, NiCl2, and CoCl2) and electric wire coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were combusted in a well-controlled incinerator. Exhaust gas samples collected at the outlet of the incinerator were analyzed for dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The amount of total dioxins formed from newspaper samples ranged from 34.2 ng/g (with NaCl+CoCl2) to 67.0 ng/g (with NaCl+CuCl2). PCDFs composed 88-94% of the total dioxins formed in the exhaust gases. The highest levels of PCDF isomers obtained were Cl3-CDF from the sample with NaCl+CuCl2 (14.8 ng/g), Cl2-CDF from the sample with NaCl+MgCl2 (12.3 ng/g), and Cl(1)-CDF from samples with NaCl+MnCl2 (12.6 ng/g), with NaCl+FeCl3 (11.8 ng/g), and with NaCl+NiCl2 (13.3 ng/g), and with NaCl+CoCl2 (8.62 ng/g). The total of Cl4-8-CDDs comprised 76-88% of the total Cl1-8-CDDs. In particular, Cl7-CDDs had the highest levels except for the sample with NaCl+NiCl2. Total dioxins formed from samples of electric wire coated with PVC and PVC alone were 38.3 ng/g and 112 ng/g, respectively, suggesting that the presence of copper reduced dioxin formation. 相似文献