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141.
Interannual variation of 45 annually resolved time series of environmental, limnological, and biotic parameters was quantified (1994-2009) in six lakes within 52,000 km2 to test the hypothesis that influx of energy (E; as irradiance, heat, wind) varies synchronously among sites and induces temporal coherence in lakes and their food webs, whereas influx of mass (m; as water, solutes, particles) reduces synchrony because local catchments uniquely modify hydrologic inputs. Overall, 82% of parameters exhibited significant (P < 0.05) synchrony (S) estimated as mean pair-wise correlation of Z-transformed time series. Influx of E as atmospheric heat and irradiance was both more highly synchronous and less temporally variable (months-to-decades) than influx of m as summer precipitation, snow, or river discharge. Similarly, S of limnological parameters varied from 0.08 to 0.85, with variables known to be regulated by E influx (ice melt, gas solubility) up to twofold more coherent than those regulated by m inputs (organic solutes). Pairs of variables linked by simple direct mechanisms exhibited similar S values (air temperature and ice melt, nutrients and algae), whereas the coherence of other parameters (water temperature, mixing) was intermediate to that of multiple regulatory agents. Overall, aggregate measures of plankton density varied more coherently among lakes than did constituent taxa. These findings suggest that environmental variability is transmitted to most levels of aquatic ecosystems, but that the precise effects depend on whether E or m fluxes predominate, the coherence of each forcing mechanism, and the strength of linkages between exogenous forcing and lake response. 相似文献
142.
143.
Edouard Kauffmann Horatiu Roman Georges Barau Hervé Dumas Annick Laffitte Alain Fourmaintraux Marc Bintner Hanitra Randrianaivo 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(2):163-165
The Jarcho–Levin syndrome is a specific form of spondylocostal/spondylothoracic dysostosis. There have been various classifications of this syndrome. We present the case of a severe prenatal Jarcho–Levin syndrome, diagnosed by ultrasound examination during the first trimester of pregnancy in a family with no previous medical history of an affected child. X-ray exploration, high-resolution spiral computed tomography and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
144.
Alain?DejeanEmail author James?M.?Carpenter Bruno?Corbara Pamela?Wright Olivier?Roux Louis?M.?LaPierre 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(4):265-273
Here we show that trying to rob prey (cleptobiosis) from a highly specialized predatory ant species is risky. To capture prey,
Allomerus decemarticulatus workers build gallery-shaped traps on the stems of their associated myrmecophyte, Hirtella physophora. We wondered whether the frequent presence of immobilized prey on the trap attracted flying cleptoparasites. Nine social
wasp species nest in the H. physophora foliage; of the six species studied, only Angiopolybia pallens rob prey from Allomerus colonies. For those H. physophora not sheltering wasps, we noted cleptobiosis by stingless bees (Trigona), social wasps (A. pallens and five Agelaia species), assassin bugs (Reduviidae), and flies. A relationship between the size of the robbers and their rate of capture
by ambushing Allomerus workers was established for social wasps; small wasps were easily captured, while the largest never were. Reduviids, which
are slow to extract their rostrum from prey, were always captured, while Trigona and flies often escaped. The balance sheet for the ants was positive vis-à-vis the reduviids and four out of the six social
wasp species. For the latter, wasps began by cutting up parts of the prey’s abdomen and were captured (or abandoned the prey)
before the entire abdomen was retrieved so that the total weight of the captured wasps exceeded that of the prey abdomens.
For A. pallens, we show that the number of individuals captured during attempts at cleptobiosis increases with the size of the Allomerus’ prey. 相似文献
145.
Peggy Drouillet-Pinard Michel Boisset Alain Périquet Jean-Michel Lecerf Francine Casse Michel Catteau 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):84-91
The increase of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake contributes to the prevention of chronic diseases, but could also significantly increase pesticide exposure and may thus be of health concern. Following a previous pesticide exposure assessment study, the present study was carried out to determine actual levels of pesticides within 400 g of F&V intake and to evaluate consumer risk. Forty-three Active Substances (AS) exceeding 10 % of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in balanced menus established for our previous theoretical study were considered. Fifty-six pooled food samples were analyzed: 28 fruit samples and 28 vegetable samples. Pesticide values were compared to Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) and to the “toxicological credit” derived from ADI. It was observed that 23 out of the 43 retained AS were never detected, 5 were detected both in F&V samples, 12 only in fruits and 3 only in vegetables. The most frequently detected AS were carbendazim, iprodione and dithiocarbamates. When detected, AS were more frequently found in fruit samples (74 %) than in vegetable samples (26 %). A maximum of 3 AS were detected at once in a given sample. Overall, we observed 8 and 14 overruns of the MRL in 1204 measures in pooled vegetable and fruit samples, respectively (0.7 % and 1.2 % of cases, respectively). Chronic exposure for adults was the highest for dithiocarbamates but did not exceed 23.7 % of the ADI in F&V. It was concluded that raising both F&V consumption up to 400 g/day (~5 F&V/day) according to recommendations of the national health and nutrition plan, does not induce pesticide overexposure and should not represent a risk for the consumer. 相似文献
146.
147.
Anne Pinton Julia Boubnova François Becmeur Pierre Kuhn Marie-Victoire Senat Julien Stirnemann Marianne Capelle Jonathan Rosenblatt Jérôme Massardier Pascal Vaast Gwenaelle Le Bouar Amélie Desrumaux Laure Connant Laetitia Begue Benoit Parmentier Franck Perrotin Alain Diguet Guillaume Benoist Charles Muszynski Aurélien Scalabre Norbert Winer Jean-Luc Michel Florence Casagrandre-Magne Jean-Marie Jouannic Denis Gallot Perrine Coste Mazeau Emmanuel Sapin Alexis Maatouk Anne-Hélène Saliou Loïc Sentilhes Florence Biquard Nicolas Mottet Romain Favre Alexandra Benachi Nicolas Sananès 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(8):949-957
148.
EDTA was percolated in laboratory columns through a soil polluted by heavy metals to investigate the efficiency of and processes involved in soil decontamination by chemical extraction. At high EDTA concentration (10−2 M), elution of Pb and Cd was very efficient for one pore volume, after which it decreased to almost zero due to depletion of available Pb and Cd and to competition with Ca and Fe slowly solubilized during the passage of the EDTA front. Clogging occurred after the end of the EDTA plateau. At lower EDTA concentrations (10−3 and 10−4 M), elution was less efficient, but extraction decreased little with the volume percolated; moreover no Ca above background values was dissolved. The optimum EDTA concentration for heavy metal extraction ranges between 10−2 and 10−3 M. The higher the concentration, the greater the extraction efficiency, but as the EDTA concentration is increased there is an optimum point at which clogging takes place and permeability decreases. 相似文献
149.
Eadsforth Charles Austin Tom Bouvy Alain Cassani Giorgio DeFerrer Juanantonio Hager Claus-Dierk Schowanek Diederik Taeger Klaus Willing Andreas 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2013,25(1):1-9
The project focuses on the efficiency of combined technologies to reduce the release of micropollutants and bacteria into surface waters via sewage treatment plants of different size and via stormwater overflow basins of different types. As a model river in a highly populated catchment area, the river Schussen and, as a control, the river Argen, two tributaries of Lake Constance, Southern Germany, are under investigation in this project. The efficiency of the different cleaning technologies is monitored by a wide range of exposure and effect analyses including chemical and microbiological techniques as well as effect studies ranging from molecules to communities. 相似文献
150.
Role of ovaries and ecdysteroids in dominance hierarchy establishment among foundresses of the primitively social wasp,Polistes gallicus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter-Frank Röseler Ingeborg Röseler Alain Strambi 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1985,18(1):9-13
Summary The contribution of ovaries and ovarian ecdysteroids to dominance and nest initiation was tested in foundresses of Polistes gallicus at the end of hibernation. Removal of the ovaries resulted in a significant decrease of the ecdysteroid titre in haemolymph. Dominance in ovariectomized foundresses was found to be closely correlated to the size of corpora allata. The operated wasps started nest building, but they did not show any egg-laying behaviour. We conclude that both juvenile hormone and ovarian ecdysteroids contribute to degree of dominance, and that factors other than ovary development may stimulate building. 相似文献