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961.
Organochlorine concentrations in franciscana dolphins, Pontoporia blainvillei, from Brazilian waters
Lailson-Brito J Dorneles PR Azevedo-Silva CE Azevedo Ade F Vidal LG Marigo J Bertozzi C Zanelatto RC Bisi TL Malm O Torres JP 《Chemosphere》2011,84(7):882-887
Blubber samples were collected from ten franciscana dolphins either incidentally captured in fishing operations or stranded on São Paulo (SP) and Paraná (PR) states littoral, Southeastern and Southern Brazilian coast, respectively. Determination of PCB, DDT and HCB concentrations were performed by capillary gas chromatograph coupled to electron capture detector (ECD). ΣDDT, ΣPCB and HCB concentrations ranged from 264 ng g−1 to 5811 ng g−1 lipid, from 909 ng g−1 to 5849 ng g−1 lipid and from 10 ng g−1 to 61 ng g−1 lipid, respectively. Regarding DDTs, the distribution of the mean percentages decreased in the following order: p,p′-DDE > p,p′-DDD > p,p′-DDT. The ΣDDT/ΣPCB ratio varied between 0.27 and 0.42 in Northern and Central SP coast, while in Southern SP and PR coast the values were 1.6 and 1.9, respectively. Dissimilarities in ΣDDT/ΣPCB ratios point to different sources of organochlorine compounds to franciscana dolphins in the study area. Considering the endocrine disruptive action of organochlorine compounds, the concentrations found in franciscana dolphins from Brazilian waters may represent an additional obstacle to the conservation of this endangered cetacean species. 相似文献
962.
Marta Doval Miñarro Enrique González Ferradás Jonathan Barberá Rico Fernando Díaz Alonso Francisco J. Marzal Martínez Cristina Romero Trigueros 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(3):436-445
Introduction
The change in light intensity that takes place when an ambient air sample is drawn into the detection chamber of a chemiluminescence monitor generates changes in the concentrations of several species, such as NO2, NO and O3. Although this phenomenon has been known for several decades, there is still no commonly accepted approach on when or how to correct for it in NO2 and O3 readings. 相似文献963.
Josep Peñuelas Angela Ribas B.S. Gimeno Iolanda Filella 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,56(2):221-224
Evaluation of visual symptoms of ozone damage was conducted in the network of bioindicator rural stations of Catalonia (NE Spain) every 14 days from May to October. Damage rates of ozone (and consequently, ozone biomonitoring capacity of bioindicators) were found to vary highly in time and space depending on the local environmental and meteorological conditions. Lower ozone damage to foliage was produced when meteorological conditions favour stomata resistance. Modulatory effects of meteorological conditions need to be considered in biomonitoring and when modeling plant ozone doses and damage. 相似文献
964.
Influence of vegetation on the removal of heavy metals and nutrients in a constructed wetland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A free water surface wetland was built to treat wastewater containing metals (Cr, Ni, Zn) and nutrients from a tool factory in Argentina. Water, sediment and macrophytes were sampled in the inlet and outlet area of the constructed wetland during three years. Three successive phases of vegetation dominance were developed and three different patterns of contaminant retention were observed. During the Eichhornia crassipes dominance, contaminants were retained in the macrophyte biomass; during the E. crassipes+Typha domingensis stage, contaminants were retained in the sediment and in the T. domingensis dominance stage, contaminants were retained in sediment and in the macrophyte biomass. Removal efficiency was not significantly different among the three vegetation stages, except for NH(4)(+) and i-P(diss). Because of its highest tolerance, T. domingensis is the best choice to treat wastewater of high pH and conductivity with heavy metals, a common result from many industrial processes. 相似文献
965.
Current brief aims to introduce the concept of safety in European industrial sectors, particularly in mechanics and machinery industry. It also highlights the importance to ensure an even level of machinery safety along the European Union, setting up the appropriate frame and procedures to keep it under control. An overview over market surveillance activities for machinery (regulations, main actors and their roles) first at Community level, and secondly an approach to one of the Member States is also introduced. 相似文献
966.
Different formats of imprinted polymers for determining organotin compounds in environmental samples 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Organotin compounds and their degradation products enter the environment mainly as a result of their use as biocides and antifouling paints. Analysis of these compounds in environmental samples has to be very sensitive and selective so that their concentrations corresponding to the low environmental target values can also be detected. Generally, analysis of a complex matrix leads to high interferences during the different process steps; clean-up procedures are recommended to overcome this problem. For the past many years, solid phase extraction by employing imprinted materials has been extensively used for many organic substances that are used for pre-concentration and clean-up purposes with excellent results. Here, we present three different imprinted polymers prepared via bulk, precipitation, and emulsion polymerization methods that use similar compositions. The synthesized polymer particles were characterized morphologically by employing scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Binding properties were calculated using the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm. Depending on the properties of the materials, different analytical applications for complex matrices are proposed. These applications are mainly used on tributyltin and its degradation products for environmental analysis. 相似文献
967.
Cíntia Melazo Dias Kristina Stenström Igor Luiz Bacelar Leão Roberto Ventura Santos Iêda Gomes Nícoli Göran Skog Peter Ekström Rosangela da Silveira Corrêa 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2009
Atmospheric air samples were taken within 3 km from power plants encompassing five different distances and wind directions. Samples were taken between 2002 and 2005 aiming to evaluate the environmental 14C enrichment due to the operation of Brazilian nuclear power plants. The sampling system consisted of a pump connected to a trapping column filled with a 3 M NaOH solution. The trapped CO2 was analyzed for 14C by using a single stage accelerator mass spectrometry (SSAMS). 相似文献
968.
Sopheak Net Laura Nieto-Gligorovski Sašo Gligorovski Brice Temime-Rousell Stephane Barbati Yannis G. Lazarou Henri Wortham 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(9):1683-1692
Many of the more recent studies concerning heterogeneous reactions of atmospheric interest, carry, in some cases, much more details but still follow the basic philosophy of the first pioneering studies. Therefore, in this study the accent is put on the additional complexities that arise when the aerosols of interest have more complex compositions. Hence, it is attempted to identify the products following the simultaneous ozone processing and light irradiation on particles coated with 4-phenoxyphenol in the presence of 4-carboxybenzophenone as a photosensitizer. In order to reveal a more complete picture on the fate of these aromatic compounds under controlled experimental conditions, different analytical tools such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) have been applied.Several surface bound products were identified via GC–MS and some of them (phenol, hydroquinone, catechol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, terephthalic acid, maleic acid, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene and 4,4′-oxydiphenol) confirmed with standards. The main volatile secondary products as identified by PTR-MS in this study were formic acid, phenol and p-benzoquinone.A reaction mechanism was proposed and density functional theory calculations were performed in order to elucidate the initial steps of the ozonolysis reaction on 4-phenoxyphenol in the presence of 4-carboxybenzophenone. 相似文献
969.
José Pereira Tom H. Misselbrook David R. Chadwick João Coutinho Henrique Trindade 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(28):3413-3421
There is a lack of information on ammonia (NH3) emissions from cattle housing systems in Mediterranean countries, with most published data deriving from NW Europe. An investigation was carried out in NW Portugal to quantify NH3 emissions for the main types of dairy cattle buildings in Portugal, i.e. naturally ventilated buildings and outdoor concrete yards, and to derive robust emission factors (EFs) for these conditions and compare with EFs used elsewhere in Europe. Measurements were made throughout a 12-month period using the passive flux sampling method in the livestock buildings and the equilibrium concentration technique in outdoor yards.The mean NH3 emission factor for the whole housing system (buildings + outdoor yards) was 43.7 g NH3–N LU?1 day?1 and for outdoor concrete yards used by dairy cattle was 26.6 g NH3–N LU?1 day?1. Expressing NH3 emission in terms of the quantity of liquid milk produced gave similar values across the three dairy farms studied (with a mean of 2.3 kg N ton-milk?1 produced) and may have advantages when comparing different farming systems. In dairy houses with outdoor yards, NH3 emissions from the yard area contributed to 69–92% of total emissions from this housing system. Emissions were particularly important during spring and summer seasons from outdoor yards with NH3 emitted in this period accounting for about 72% of annual emissions from outdoor yards. Mean NH3 emission factors derived for this freestall housing system and outdoor concrete yards used by dairy cattle in Portugal were higher than those measured in northern Europe. In addition, values of animal N excretion estimated in this study were greater than official National standard values. If these emissions are typical for Portuguese dairy systems, then the current National inventory underestimates emissions from this source in NW of Portugal, because of the use of lower standard values of N excretion by dairy cattle. 相似文献
970.
M. Antón M. López A. Serrano M. Bañón J.A. García 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(24):2793-2798
In recent years, research on ozone variability has mainly focused on the analysis of its trend. Additionally some studies have analyzed the annual, seasonal and day-to-day ozone variations. However, intra-diurnal total ozone variations are notably less explored. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the diurnal variability of total ozone column (TOC) as recorded by a Brewer spectrophotometer in Madrid (Spain). The results show that about 90% of days present non-negligible diurnal variability, indicating that, in general, it should not be assumed that TOC remains constant throughout a particular day in urban areas. In addition, this variability has a notable seasonal behavior which should be considered (the spring and summer months show higher diurnal TOC variations than autumn and winter months). This pattern is likely caused by the diurnal photochemical processes in the lower troposphere related to the formation of tropospheric ozone near the earth’s surface at populated urban locations. Thus, these diurnal fluctuations in tropospheric ozone could explain part of diurnal TOC variations (between 20% and 70% depending on the mixing layer height). 相似文献