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341.
Alberto Bezama Nóra Szarka Rodrigo Navia Odorico Konrad Karl E Lorber 《Waste management & research》2007,25(2):148-161
The present paper describes the development, performance and conclusions derived from three know-how and technology transfer projects to South American countries. The first project comprised a collaborative study by European and South American universities to find sustainable solutions for Chilean and Ecuadorian leather tanneries which had underachieving process performances. The second project consisted of investigations carried out in a Brazilian municipality to enhance its municipal solid waste management system. The final collaborative programme dealt with the initial identification, evaluation and registration of suspected contaminated sites in an industrial region of Chile. The detailed objectives, methods and procedures applied as well as the results and conclusions obtained in each of the three mentioned projects are presented, giving special attention to the organizational aspects and to the practical approach of each programme, concluding with their main advantages and disadvantages for identifying a set of qualitative and quantitative suggestions, and to establish transferable methods for future applications. 相似文献
342.
Although evidence is accumulating on the adaptive function of female ornamentation, very little is known about maternal allocation
decisions involving sexual signaling and other reproductive functions. Blue egg coloration has been suggested as a sexually
selected signal of female quality to males, and some recent studies are in accordance with this hypothesis. Blue eggshell
coloration results from the deposition of biliverdin pigment by laying females, which is a potent antioxidant. Thus, egg pigmentation
should be costly in terms of antioxidants, an assumption of the signaling hypothesis that has not been tested yet. We induced
increased reproductive effort in a set of female pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca through nest removal and measured egg pigmentation and plasma antioxidant levels in relation with a control group. Experimental
females showed a negative association between egg color and plasma antioxidant levels, while there was no relationship for
control birds. This supports that egg pigmentation is costly in terms of general antioxidant defenses and suggests a tradeoff
between the allocations to both traits. Furthermore, experimental females with more colorful eggs raised more fledglings,
especially when breeding early. Controls did not show a relationship between egg color and reproductive success. Females laying
more colorful eggs could have shifted their allocation decisions towards current reproduction, at the expense of their own
antioxidant defenses. Our results highlight that blue egg coloration is a life-history trait, subject to tradeoffs with other
attributes, and seems to be especially informative under harsh breeding conditions. 相似文献
343.
Patrizia Jereb Rita Cannas Porzia Maiorano Giambattista Bello Fulvio Garibaldi Marco Mereu Francesco G. Ancona Giovanni Ammendolia Pietro Battaglia Önder Duysak Hendrik Jan T. Hoving Eugenia Lefkaditou Marek R. Lipinski Riccardo Melis Panagiota N. Peristeraki Sergio Ragonese Teresa Romeo Alp Salman Begonia M. Santos Alberto Villari Danila Cuccu 《Marine Biology》2016,163(9):192
344.
Ramón Alberto Díaz-Varela Roberto Colombo María Silvia Calvo-Iglesias Antonio Tagliaferri 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(4):621-392
There is general agreement in literature that Alpine vegetation belt ecotones have shown a trend of upward migration in the last few decades. Despite the potential of such shifts as indicators of global change effects in mountain ecosystems, there are relatively few works focused on their assessment in a systematic and spatially explicit way. In this work our aim is to quantify the altitudinal shifts and analyse the spatial pattern dynamics of mountain ecotones. We developed a novel procedure to delineate the current and former state of three characteristic mountain ecotones, which we formalised as forest, tree and tundra lines. Our approach is based on the recognition of altitudinal extreme outposts identified with ecotone locations at a slope scale. The integration of multi-temporal datasets allows the identification and quantification of altitudinal advances and retreats in the outpost locations for a given period. We tested the method in a section of the Italian Alps for the period 1957-2003. Results show a general trend of an increase in altitude for the three ecotones, despite the occurrence of occasional decreases. We estimate decadal altitude increments of 25 m for forest line, 13 m for treeline and 11 m for tundra line. We also identified changes in ecotone spatial morphology between the two dates, with significant implications in connectivity and colonisation dynamics. 相似文献
345.
Giorgio Cassiani Andrew Binley Andreas Kemna Markus Wehrer Adrian Flores Orozco Rita Deiana Jacopo Boaga Matteo Rossi Peter Dietrich Ulrike Werban Ludwig Zschornack Alberto Godio Arash JafarGandomi Gian Piero Deidda 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(15):8914-8931
The characterization of contaminated sites can benefit from the supplementation of direct investigations with a set of less invasive and more extensive measurements. A combination of geophysical methods and direct push techniques for contaminated land characterization has been proposed within the EU FP7 project ModelPROBE and the affiliated project SoilCAM. In this paper, we present results of the investigations conducted at the Trecate field site (NW Italy), which was affected in 1994 by crude oil contamination. The less invasive investigations include ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys, together with direct push sampling and soil electrical conductivity (EC) logs. Many of the geophysical measurements were conducted in time-lapse mode in order to separate static and dynamic signals, the latter being linked to strong seasonal changes in water table elevations. The main challenge was to extract significant geophysical signals linked to contamination from the mix of geological and hydrological signals present at the site. The most significant aspects of this characterization are: (a) the geometrical link between the distribution of contamination and the site’s heterogeneity, with particular regard to the presence of less permeable layers, as evidenced by the extensive surface geophysical measurements; and (b) the link between contamination and specific geophysical signals, particularly evident from cross-hole measurements. The extensive work conducted at the Trecate site shows how a combination of direct (e.g., chemical) and indirect (e.g., geophysical) investigations can lead to a comprehensive and solid understanding of a contaminated site’s mechanisms. 相似文献
346.
347.
A waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) marsh occupying two-thirds of the basin of a small Florida impoundment has received sewage effluent for nearly 20 years. Water from the marsh flows into an area that is maintained free of waterhyacinths, and is discharged through wells at the far end of the impoundment. A water budget for the basin was estimated, and phosphorus concentrations were measured monthly at three stations in the marsh and at the discharge wells in the lake. Productivity levels were measured monthly where the marsh joins the lake and at the discharge wells. Only 16% of the phosphorus that enters the basin is stored. Gross primary productivity levels in the open-water areas are very high (22 gO2m2day), but high respiration rates appear to keep the lake in steady-state. 相似文献
348.
Navarro Alberto Jorge A. Manly Bryan F. J. Gerow Ken 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(3):625-654
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Navarro and Manly (Popul Ecol 51:505–512, 2009) (NM) have proposed a randomization protocol for null model analysis of species occurrences at... 相似文献
349.
Rubin Pedrazzo Alberto Trotta Francesco Hoti Gjylije Cesano Federico Zanetti Marco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):251-263
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CD-NS) are cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers characterized by a nanostructured three-dimensional network. CD-NSs in the... 相似文献
350.
de Oliveira Ribeiro Ciro Alberto Bozza Dandie Antunes Esquivel Luíse de Oliveira Elton Celton Neto Filipak 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):17087-17102
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Flame retardants are compounds added to a high diversity of polymers used in electronics and furniture to decrease the risk of combustion.... 相似文献