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981.
Efrén García-Ordiales José María Esbrí Stefano Covelli Miguel Angel López-Berdonces Pablo L. Higueras Jorge Loredo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(7):6024-6038
Sediments from the Castilseras reservoir, located downstream on the Valdeazogues River in the Almadén mercury district, were collected to assess the potential contamination status related to metals(oids) associated with river sediment inputs from several decommissioned mines. Metals(oids) concentrations in the reservoir sediments were investigated using different physical and chemical techniques. The results were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to explain the correlations between the sets of variables. The degree of contamination was evaluated using the enrichment factor (EF) and the geoaccumulation index (Igeo). PCA revealed that the silty fraction is the main metals(oids) carrier in the sediments. Among the potentially harmful elements, there is a group (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) that cannot be strictly correlated to the mining activity since their concentrations depend on the lithological and edaphological characteristics of the materials. In contrast, As, Co, Hg, Pb, and S showed significant enrichment and contamination, thus suggesting relevant contributions from the decommissioned mines through fluvial sediment inputs. As far as Hg and S are concerned, the high enrichment levels pose a question concerning the potential environmental risk of transfer of the organic forms of Hg (mainly methylmercury) from the bottom sediments to the aquatic food chain. 相似文献
982.
Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa Bárbara Catarina Bastos Freitas Camila Gonzales Cruz Jéssica Silveira Michele Greque Morais 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(5):366-375
The loss of yields from agricultural production due to the presence of pests has been treated over the years with synthetic pesticides, but the use of these substances negatively affects the environment and presents health risks for consumers and animals. The development of agroecological systems using biopesticides represents a safe alternative that contributes to the reduction of agrochemical use and sustainable agriculture. Microalgae are able to biosynthesize a number of metabolites with potential biopesticidal action and can be considered potential biological agents for the control of harmful organisms to soils and plants. The present work aims to provide a critical perspective on the consequences of using synthetic pesticides, offering as an alternative the biopesticides obtained from microalgal biomass, which can be used together with the implementation of environmentally friendly agricultural systems. 相似文献
983.
Guimarães Barbara Maria Ribeiro Scatolino Mário Vanoli Martins Maria Alice Ferreira Saulo Rocha Mendes Lourival Marin Lima José Tarcísio Junior Mario Guimarães Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8665-8683
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The growing demand for products with lower environmental impact and the extensive applicability of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have received... 相似文献
984.
Md. Abul Kashem Bal Ram Singh Hiroshi Kubota Reiko Sugawara Nobuyuki Kitajima Toshihito Kondo Shigenao Kawai 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(5):1174-1176
Background, aim, and scope
Zinc is an essential micronutrient element but its concentrations found in contaminated soils frequently exceed those required by the plant and soil organisms, and thus create danger to animal and human health. Phytoremediation is a technique, often employed in remediation of contaminated soils, which aims to remove heavy metals or other contaminants from soils or waters using plants. Arabidopsis (A.) halleri ssp. gemmifera is a plant recently found to be grown vigorously in heavy metal contaminated areas of Japan and it contained remarkably high amount of heavy metals in its shoots. However, the magnitude of Zn accumulation and tolerance in A. halleri ssp. gemmifera need to be investigated for its use as a phytoremediation plant. 相似文献985.
Recent studies have revealed the importance of self-consistency in evolutionary models, particularly in the context of male–female
interactions. This has been largely ignored in models of the ancestral divergence of the sexes, i.e., the evolution of anisogamy.
Here, we model the evolution of anisogamy in a Fisher-consistent context, explicitly taking into account the number of interacting
individuals in a typical reproductive group. We reveal an interaction between the number of adult individuals in the local
mating group and the selection pressures responsible for the divergence of the sexes. The same underlying model can produce
anisogamy in two different ways. Gamete competition can lead to anisogamy when it is relatively easy for gametes to find each
other, but when this is more difficult and gamete competition is absent, gamete limitation can provide another route for anisogamy
to evolve. In line with earlier models, organismal complexity favors anisogamy. We argue that the early contributions of Kalmus
and Scudo, largely dismissed as group selectionist, are valid under certain conditions. Linking their work with the contributions
of Parker helps to explain why precisely males keep producing more sperm than can ever lead to offspring: sperm could evolve
to provision zygotes but this brings little profit for the effort required, because sperm would have to be equipped with provisioning
ability before it is known which sperm will make it to the fertilization stage. This insight creates a logical link between
paternal care under uncertain paternity (where again investment is selected against when some investment never brings about
genetic benefits) and gamete size evolution. 相似文献
986.
Graham Bird 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(23):23456-23466
Globally, thousands of kilometres of rivers are degraded due to the presence of elevated concentrations of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) sourced from historical metal mining activity. In many countries, the presence of contaminated water and river sediment creates a legal requirement to address such problems. Remediation of mining-associated point sources has often been focused upon improving river water quality; however, this study evaluates the contaminant legacy present within river sediments and attempts to assess the influence of the scale of mining activity and post-mining remediation upon the magnitude of PHE contamination found within contemporary river sediments. Data collected from four exemplar catchments indicates a strong relationship between the scale of historical mining, as measured by ore output, and maximum PHE enrichment factors, calculated versus environmental quality guidelines. The use of channel slope as a proxy measure for the degree of channel-floodplain coupling indicates that enrichment factors for PHEs in contemporary river sediments may also be the highest where channel-floodplain coupling is the greatest. Calculation of a metric score for mine remediation activity indicates no clear influence of the scale of remediation activity and PHE enrichment factors for river sediments. It is suggested that whilst exemplars of significant successes at improving post-remediation river water quality can be identified; river sediment quality is a much more long-lasting environmental problem. In addition, it is suggested that improvements to river sediment quality do not occur quickly or easily as a result of remediation actions focused a specific mining point sources. Data indicate that PHEs continue to be episodically dispersed through river catchments hundreds of years after the cessation of mining activity, especially during flood flows. The high PHE loads of flood sediments in mining-affected river catchments and the predicted changes to flood frequency, especially, in many river catchments, provides further evidence of the need to enact effective mine remediation strategies and to fully consider the role of river sediments in prolonging the environmental legacy of historical mine sites. 相似文献
987.
Germán A. Kopprio Gerhard Kattner R. Hugo Freije Susana José de Paggi Rubén J. Lara 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):3139-3148
The seasonal variability of inorganic and organic nutrients and stable isotopes and their relations with plankton and environmental conditions were monitored in Lake Chasicó. Principal component analysis evidenced the strong influence of the river runoff on several biogeochemical variables. Silicate concentrations were controlled by diatom biomass and river discharge. Higher values of nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) indicated agricultural uses in the river basin. Elevated pH values (~9) inhibiting nitrification in the lake explained partially the dominance of ammonium: ~83 % of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). The low DIN/SRP ratio inferred nitrogen limitation, although the hypotheses of iron and CO2 limitation are relevant in alkaline lakes. Particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were mainly of autochthonous origin. The main allochthonous input was imported by the river as POM owning to the arid conditions. Dissolved organic carbon was likely top-down regulated by the bacterioplankton grazer Brachionus plicatilis. The δ13C signature was a good indicator of primary production and its values were influenced probably by CO2 limitation. The δ15N did not evidence nitrogen fixation and suggested the effects of anthropogenic activities. The preservation of a good water quality in the lake is crucial for resource management. 相似文献
988.
Natalia Yoshida Mariano Castro Cecile du Mortier Alicia Fernández Cirelli 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):157-160
The increase of intensive bovine production systems in Argentina involves the use of therapeutic agents and growth promoters
that reach the environment through animal excreta. The growth promoter most widely used in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore
polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cinnamoniensis. Here, the behavior of monensin in different solid environmental matrices is analyzed, and preliminary results that suggest
a strong dependence of monensin retention with the organic matter content of the matrix are discussed. 相似文献
989.
Renewable energy is considered an indispensable basis of sustainable energy systems as electricity generation from renewable
sources results in low emissions of greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuel based electricity and contributes to sustainable
development. However, effective strategies and conducive institutional settings are needed for advancement of such clean electricity
systems. Although Thailand, as a nation, has a huge potential for renewable energy utilization, its total amount of electricity
generation from renewables is relatively small and could be enlarged substantially. Lack of policy mechanisms, institutional
development and financing exist as major barriers for Thailand in this regard. Investigation of the nation’s current energy
strategy implementation shows that relevant energy and development policies are at different stages of implementation and
institutional settings are continuously evolving. This paper argues that further significant efforts could be made towards
advancement of renewable electricity and thus achievement of energy sustainability in Thailand. Resource planning, effective
policy and institutions, focussed planning for energy sustainability and implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol could facilitate further advancement of renewables for the nation. 相似文献
990.
U. Martin Persson Christian Azar 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(7):1277-1304
The possibility of adopting national targets for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from tropical deforestation in a future international climate treaty has received increasing attention recently.
This attention has been prompted by proposals to this end and more intensified talks on possible commitments for developing
countries beyond the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol. We analyze four main scientific
and political challenges associated with national targets for emissions from tropical deforestation: (1) reducing the uncertainties
in emission inventories, (2) preserving the environmental integrity of the treaty, (3) promoting political acceptance and
participation in the regime, and (4) providing economic incentives for reduced deforestation. We draw the following conclusions.
(1) Although there are large uncertainties in carbon flux from deforestation, these are in the same range as for other emissions
included in the current Kyoto protocol (i.e., non-CO2 GHGs), and they can be reduced. However, for forest degradation processes the uncertainties are larger. A large challenge
lies in building competence and institutions for monitoring the full spectrum of land use changes in developing countries.
(2 and 3) Setting targets for deforestation is difficult, and uncertainties in future emissions imply a risk of creating ‘tropical
hot air’. However, there are proposals that may sufficiently deal with this, and these proposals may also have the advantage
of making the targets more attractive, politically speaking. Moreover, we conclude that while a full carbon accounting system
will likely be politically unacceptable for tropical countries, the current carbon accounting system should be broadened to
include forest degradation in order to safeguard environmental integrity. (4) Doubts can be cast over the possible effect
a climate regime alone will have on deforestation rates, though little thorough analysis of this issue has been made.
相似文献
U. Martin PerssonEmail: |