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81.
Hollamby S Afema-Azikuru J Waigo S Cameron K Gandolf AR Norris A Sikarskie JG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):13-20
An animal’s suitability as a biomonitor of environmental change can be determined by biological, reproductive and ecological
characteristics determined at the class, order and species level. The animal’s habitat where the research is to be performed
and the form, function and structure of the environmental change being studied within that habitat also determines suitability.
Non-threatened populations of large, non-migratory, long-lived, seasonally-breeding tertiary avian predators, whose dietary
preferences are narrow and known, can be useful as monitors of environmental chemical contaminants. If chemicals are being
monitored, a quantifiable endpoint effect must be demonstrated in the species, or a similar species under experimental laboratory
conditions. Logistical and economic issues as well as public and regulatory authority acceptance should also be considered
when assessing the suitability of a species as a biomonitor. 相似文献
82.
Scott G. Huling Daniel F. Pope John E. Matthews Judith L. Sims Ronald C. Sims Darwin L. Sorensen 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》1995,5(2):41-55
Soils contaminated with wood preserving wastes, including pentachlo-rophenol (PCP) and creosote, are treated at field-scale in an engineered prepared-bed system consisting of two one-acre land treatment units (LTUs). The concentration of selected indicator compounds of treatment performance included PCP, pyrene, and total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TCPAHs) was monitored in the soil by taking both composited soil samples at multiple points in time, and discrete soil samples at two points in time. The mean concentration of the indicator compounds and the 95-percent confidence interval (CI) of the composite and discrete samples agreed relatively well, and first-order degradation rate kinetics satisfactorily represented the mean chemical concentration loss of indicator compounds in the LTU. Toxicity of the soil, as measured by MicrotoxTM assay of the soil extracts, indicated that toxicity reduction corresponded with indicator compound disappearance. No toxicity effects were observed with time in treated layers of soil (lifts) buried beneath highly contaminated lifts of newly applied soil. This indicated that vertical migration of soluble contaminants from such lifts had little effect on the microbial activity in the underlying treated soil. 相似文献
83.
Population responses of synanthropic species to urbanization may be explained by the resource-matching rule, which postulates that individuals should distribute themselves according to resource availability. According to the resource-matching rule, urban habitats will contain greater densities if they provide better resources than rural habitats. However, because resource availability is density dependent, individuals in urban areas would ultimately achieve fitness levels comparable to, but no better than, individuals in less urban areas. Some ecologists suggest that synanthropic birds may not conform to the resource-matching rule and may instead overmatch (i.e., overexploit) in urban habitats, ultimately leading to lower fitness despite greater resource levels. Using the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) as a focal species, we evaluated if Cardinal populations in urban and rural habitats were consistent with predictions of consumer resource matching. During 2003-2006 we documented population density, adult body condition, apparent survival, and annual reproductive productivity of Cardinals in riparian forest stands within urban (n = 8 stands) and rural (n = 6 stands) landscapes in Ohio, USA. Density of Cardinals in urban forests was four times that found in more rural forests. Mark-resight data from 147 males and 125 females over four years indicated that apparent survival rates were similar between urban and rural landscapes (phi = 0.64, SE = 0.039 for males and phi = 0.57, SE = 0.04 for females). Similarly, body condition indices of 168 males, 142 females, and 118 nestlings did not differ significantly between landscapes. Annual reproductive productivity (mean number of fledglings per pair over breeding season) of 294 pairs was comparable for urban (2.4 +/- 0.18 [mean +/- SE] and rural (2.1 +/- 0.18) young birds. Thus, contrary to recent suggestions, we find that high densities of certain synanthropic species in urban landscapes are consistent with expectations of consumer resource matching. 相似文献
84.
Martins Amanda Weege S. Silveira Tony L. R. Remião Mariana H. Domingues William Borges Dellagostin Eduardo N. Junior Antônio Sergio Varela Corcini Carine D. Costa Patrícia G. Bianchini Adalto Somoza Gustavo M. Robaldo Ricardo B. Campos Vinicius Farias 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65127-65139
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Roundup Transorb® (RDT) is a glyphosate-based herbicide commonly used in agricultural practices worldwide. This herbicide exerts negative effects... 相似文献
85.
Amanda C. O’Toole Andy J. Danylchuk Tony L. Goldberg Cory D. Suski David P. Philipp Edd Brooks Steven J. Cooke 《Marine Biology》2011,158(10):2227-2237
Great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) were implanted with acoustic telemetry transmitters (n = 42) and monitored within a stationary acoustic receiver array (n = 53 receivers) in The Bahamas to examine residency, seasonal movements, and habitat use. Barracuda were monitored for up
to 980 days and remained within the array area ~33% (median value) of the time. Most tagged barracuda were transient and would
often disappear from the array for months at a time, particularly in the summer where they were usually last detected on receivers
located in deeper shelf habitats, and then return at other times in the year. Habitat use across the footprint of the array
differed, with most detections occurring in coastal areas and comparatively fewer in deeper mosaic or shelf habitats. Linear
home range estimates revealed that some barracuda moved >12 km within a single day and are capable of migrating >100 km to
other islands in the Bahamian Archipelago. Our results provide some of the first telemetry data for this apex marine predatory
fish and the first reliable information on the residency and localized seasonal movements of adult great barracuda in the
coastal waters of the Western Atlantic. 相似文献
86.
William D. Shuster Dennis Lye Armah De La Cruz Lee K. Rhea Katharine O'Connell Amanda Kelty 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(4):753-765
The collection, storage, and reuse of rainwater collected in rain barrels from urban rooftop areas assists municipalities in achieving stormwater management objectives and in some areas also serves as an adjunct resource for domestic water supplies. In this study, rainwater reuse and levels of select microbial indicators were monitored for six residential rain barrels located in the Shepherd Creek watershed of Cincinnati, Ohio. Water from rain barrels typically had poor microbial quality and was used for watering indoor and outdoor plants. Rain barrel water chemistry was slightly acidic, exhibited wide ranges in conductivity, turbidity, and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and gave no evidence of the presence of cyanobacterial microcystin toxins. Selected microbial water‐quality indicators indicated that counts of total coliform and enterococci were consistently above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards for secondary recreational contact water‐quality standards. Residential rain barrels can provide water appropriate for low‐contact reuses (such as plant watering), although there may be transient periods of high levels of indicator bacteria in the collected water. 相似文献
87.
Amanda Lys dos Santos Silva Elane Cristina Loureno dos Santos Ana Maria Queijeiro Lpez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10275-10285
All processes in agro-industries consume water and generate large volumes of nutrient-rich effluents. To recycle effluents from a sugar–alcohol industry in the Northeastern Brazil (Coruripe, Alagoas), the effect of a daily application of a microbial formulation (containing five indigenous bacteria and two fungi), at the entrance of the two first facultative ponds (D, E) of its treatment plant formed by seven ponds (A–G), was evaluated in the sugarcane harvests of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Fortnightly, the values of 11 physicochemical parameters were checked and statistically compared (one and two-way ANOVA) in untreated (sedimentation pond A) and post-treated effluent (last facultative pond G), during both harvests. The treated effluent presented statistically significant improvements (p > 0.05), even between harvests, with averages of removal of organic matter of ca. 79.21% and 90.62%, and increases of the dissolved oxygen (DO) of ca. 72% and 74%, as well as the average increase of pH was ca. 42% and 50%. This better quality residue generally satisfied the class III level of the Brazilian Resolution 357/2005 (National Council for the Environment (CONAMA)), for water reuse in sugarcane irrigation on the yellow clay latosol soil, since it still is a light source of organic matter, nitrites and phosphorus, reducing the need of fertilizers for maintaining the productivity with low risk of salinization. According to Pearson’s bivariate correlation coefficient, while the DO and pH have positive correlation, they both have general inverse relation with the other physicochemical parameters evaluated and vice versa. 相似文献
88.
Amanda Ode Lars Rylander Christian H. Lindh Karin Källén Bo A. G. Jönsson Peik Gustafsson Per Olofsson Sten A. Ivarsson Anna Rignell-Hydbom 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):7970-7978
In recent years, some perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been identified as potentially hazardous substances which are harmful to the environment and human health. According to limited data, PFC levels in humans could be influenced by several determinants. However, the findings are inconsistent. In the present study, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were measured in paired maternal and cord serum samples (N?=?237) collected between 1978 and 2001 in Southern Sweden to study the relationship between these and to investigate several potential determinants of maternal and fetal exposure to PFCs. Time trends of PFCs in Swedish women were also evaluated. The study is a part of the Fetal Environment and Neurodevelopment Disorders in Epidemiological Research project. PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA levels (median) were higher in maternal serum (15, 2.1, and 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) than in cord serum (6.5, 1.7, and 0.20 ng/ml, respectively). PFC levels were among the highest in women originating from the Nordic countries and the lowest in women from the Middle East, North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa. Multiparous women had lower serum PFOA levels (1.7 ng/ml) than primiparous women (2.4 ng/ml). Maternal age, body mass index, cotinine levels, and whether women carried male or female fetuses did not affect serum PFC concentrations. Umbilical cord serum PFC concentrations showed roughly similar patterns as the maternal except for the gestational age where PFC levels increased with advancing gestational age. PFOS levels increased during the study period in native Swedish women. In summary, PFOS levels tend to increase while PFOA and PFNA levels were unchanged between 1978 and 2001 in our study population. Our results demonstrate that maternal country of origin, parity, and gestational age might be associated with PFC exposure. 相似文献
89.
Hipólito Amanda Caretta Talita de Oliveira Silveira Victória Akemi Itakura Bersaneti Gabrielly Terassi Mali Suzana Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(10):3199-3209
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. They have great potential for application in the food industry due... 相似文献
90.
Norberto Asensio Amanda H. Korstjens Filippo Aureli 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(5):649-659
The adjustment to deal with intragroup food competition is probably the most plausible explanation of high levels of fission–fusion
dynamics. However, studies did not always support expected relations between food availability, ranging costs, and subgroup
size. We used several levels of analysis differing in the time and spatial scale in order to investigate this explanation
in spider monkeys. In our study, subgroups were larger when food availability was higher across most levels of analyses used.
We also found a fine-scale adjustment: compared to the food patch previously visited, spider monkeys traveled to larger patches
just after fusions. This was not without an immediate travel cost: the interpatch distance and travel time after a fusion
were longer than that before the fusion. This rapid adjustment shows the flexibility that fission–fusion dynamics can offer.
Spider monkeys are in large subgroups only when food conditions are favorable, as evidenced by the fact that at all the other
time-scale levels larger subgroups did not experience greater ranging costs than smaller subgroups. Our results indicate that
on the whole spider monkeys successfully minimize ranging costs by fission and fusion of subgroups. 相似文献