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91.
Norberto Asensio Amanda H. Korstjens Filippo Aureli 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(5):649-659
The adjustment to deal with intragroup food competition is probably the most plausible explanation of high levels of fission–fusion
dynamics. However, studies did not always support expected relations between food availability, ranging costs, and subgroup
size. We used several levels of analysis differing in the time and spatial scale in order to investigate this explanation
in spider monkeys. In our study, subgroups were larger when food availability was higher across most levels of analyses used.
We also found a fine-scale adjustment: compared to the food patch previously visited, spider monkeys traveled to larger patches
just after fusions. This was not without an immediate travel cost: the interpatch distance and travel time after a fusion
were longer than that before the fusion. This rapid adjustment shows the flexibility that fission–fusion dynamics can offer.
Spider monkeys are in large subgroups only when food conditions are favorable, as evidenced by the fact that at all the other
time-scale levels larger subgroups did not experience greater ranging costs than smaller subgroups. Our results indicate that
on the whole spider monkeys successfully minimize ranging costs by fission and fusion of subgroups. 相似文献
92.
A Decision Support Framework for Science-Based, Multi-Stakeholder Deliberation: A Coral Reef Example 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amanda P. Rehr Mitchell J. Small Patricia Bradley William S. Fisher Ann Vega Kelly Black Tom Stockton 《Environmental management》2012,50(6):1204-1218
We present a decision support framework for science-based assessment and multi-stakeholder deliberation. The framework consists of two parts: a DPSIR (Drivers–Pressures–States–Impacts–Responses) analysis to identify the important causal relationships among anthropogenic environmental stressors, processes, and outcomes; and a Decision Landscape analysis to depict the legal, social, and institutional dimensions of environmental decisions. The Decision Landscape incorporates interactions among government agencies, regulated businesses, non-government organizations, and other stakeholders. It also identifies where scientific information regarding environmental processes is collected and transmitted to improve knowledge about elements of the DPSIR and to improve the scientific basis for decisions. Our application of the decision support framework to coral reef protection and restoration in the Florida Keys focusing on anthropogenic stressors, such as wastewater, proved to be successful and offered several insights. Using information from a management plan, it was possible to capture the current state of the science with a DPSIR analysis as well as important decision options, decision makers and applicable laws with a the Decision Landscape analysis. A structured elicitation of values and beliefs conducted at a coral reef management workshop held in Key West, Florida provided a diversity of opinion and also indicated a prioritization of several environmental stressors affecting coral reef health. The integrated DPSIR/Decision landscape framework for the Florida Keys developed based on the elicited opinion and the DPSIR analysis can be used to inform management decisions, to reveal the role that further scientific information and research might play to populate the framework, and to facilitate better-informed agreement among participants. 相似文献
93.
Kristen M. Waring Danielle M. Reboletti Lauren A. Mork Ching-Hsun Huang Richard W. Hofstetter Amanda M. Garcia Peter Z. Fulé T. Seth Davis 《Environmental management》2009,44(4):824-835
Predicted climate warming is expected to have profound effects on bark beetle population dynamics in the southwestern United
States. Temperature-mediated effects may include increases in developmental rates, generations per year, and changes in habitat
suitability. As a result, the impacts of Dendroctonus frontalis and Dendroctonus mexicanus on forest resources are likely subject to amplification. To assess the implications of such change, we evaluated the generations
per year of these species under three climate scenarios using a degree-day development model. We also assessed economic impacts
of increased beetle outbreaks in terms of the costs of application of preventative silvicultural treatments and potential
economic revenues forgone. Across the southwestern USA, the potential number of beetle generations per year ranged from 1–3+ under
historical climate, an increase of 2–4+ under the minimal warming scenario and 3–5+ under the greatest warming scenario. Economic
benefits of applying basal area reduction treatments to reduce forest susceptibility to beetle outbreaks ranged from 7.75/ha (NM) to7.75/ha
(NM) to 95.69/ha (AZ) under historical conditions, and 47.96/ha (NM) to47.96/ha (NM) to 174.58/ha (AZ) under simulated severe drought conditions.
Basal area reduction treatments that reduce forest susceptibility to beetle outbreak result in higher net present values than
no action scenarios. Coupled with other deleterious consequences associated with beetle outbreaks, such as increased wildfires,
the results suggest that forest thinning treatments play a useful role in a period of climate warming. 相似文献
94.
Haile K. Tadesse Daniel N. Moriasi Prasanna H. Gowda Jean L. Steiner Mansour Talebizadeh Amanda M. Nelson Patrick J. Starks Gary Marek 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(4):1009-1023
Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is essential to improve water use efficiency of crop production systems managed under different water regimes. The Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model was used to simulate ET using four potential ET (ETp) methods. The objectives were to determine sensitive ET parameters in dryland and irrigated cropping systems and compare ET simulation in the two systems using multiple performance criteria. Measured ET and crop yield data from lysimeter fields located in the United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Bushland, Texas were used for evaluation. The number of sensitive parameters was higher for dryland (11–14) than irrigated cropping systems (6–8). Only four input parameters: soil evaporation plant cover factor, root growth soil strength, maximum rain intercept, and rain intercept coefficient were sensitive in both cropping systems. Overall, it is possible to find a set of robust parameter values to simulate ET accurately in APEX in both cropping systems using any ETp method. However, more computation time is required for dryland than irrigated cropping system due to a relatively larger number of sensitive input parameters. When all inputs are available, the Penman–Monteith method takes the shortest computation time to obtain one model run with robust parameter values in both cropping systems. However, in areas with limited datasets, one can still obtain reasonable ET simulations using either Priestley–Taylor or Hargreaves. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
95.
Arthur Marinho Cahino Elisângela Maria Rodrigues Rocha Iana Chaiene Araújo Vidal Samara Teixeira Pereira Amanda Gondim Cabral Quirino Raqueline Caldas do Nascimento 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):57-68
The present study sought to objectively demonstrate how a researcher can, in a structured way, select relevant articles about alternative heterogeneous catalysts in photocatalytic processes. Therefore, the ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist) method was used to systematize the results found, with the application bibliometric and systematic analysis techniques for the evaluation of the results. The search string adopted as criteria was: solar photocatalysis AND heterogeneous catalysts OR alternative catalysts AND effluents. The databases were Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus. The final bibliographic portfolio obtained for the research theme was made up of 19 articles. It was possible to verify advances in the number of publications on the theme over the evaluated period, with the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry standing out in the final portfolio. Evaluating each article in the portfolio individually, it was possible to verify that most studies use combinations of catalysts already reported to create an alternative material to those already investigated in the literature. Those that use waste as catalysts chose to source this material from treatment plants and the steel industry. Around 58% of the papers used hydrogen peroxide in their processes, while 42% chose not to use it. Finally, approximately 63% of the papers in the portfolio used synthetic effluent in their processes, while the rest (37% of the research) chose to use real effluent. The results obtained in this research by applying the method can contribute to studies related to heterogeneous photocatalysis by alternative means over the years. 相似文献
96.
97.
Hunt J Anderson B Phillips B Tjeerdema R Largay B Beretti M Bern A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):348-358
Evidence of ecological impacts from pesticide runoff has prompted installation of vegetated treatment systems (VTS) along the central coast of California, USA. During five surveys of two on-farm VTS ponds, 88% of inlet and outlet water samples were toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) indicated water toxicity was caused by diazinon at VTS-1, and chlorpyrifos at VTS-2. Diazinon levels in VTS-1 were variable, but high pulse inflow concentrations were reduced through dilution. At VTS-2, chlorpyrifos concentrations averaged 52% lower at the VTS outlet than at the inlet. Water concentrations of most other pesticides averaged 20-90% lower at VTS outlets. All VTS sediment samples were toxic to amphipods (Hyalella azteca). Sediment TIEs indicated toxicity was caused by cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin at VTS-1, and chlorpyrifos and permethrin at VTS-2. As with water, sediment concentrations were lower at VTS outlets, indicating substantial reductions in farm runoff pesticide concentrations. 相似文献
98.
The fate and transport of antibiotics in natural water systems is controlled in part by interactions with nanometer (10−9 m) metal oxide particles. Experiments were performed by mixing solutions of ampicillin (AMP), a common, penicillin-class human and veterinary antibiotic, with 25 nm-TiO2 (anatase) nanoparticles at different pH conditions. Both sorption and degradation of AMP were observed in the AMP-nanoparticle solutions. For AMP concentrations from ∼3 μM to 2.9 mM the overall AMP removal from solution can be described by linear isotherms with removal coefficients (Kr) of 3028 (±267) L kg−1 at pH 2, 11,533 (±823) L kg−1 at pH 4, 12,712 (±672) L kg−1 at pH 6, and 1941 (±342) L kg−1 at pH 8. Mass spectral analysis of AMP solutions after removal of the solid nanoparticles yielded ions that indicate the presence of peniclloic acid, penilloic acid and related de-ammoniated by-products as possible compounds resulting from the degradation of AMP at the TiO2 surface. 相似文献
99.
Veerasingam Subramanian Vethamony Ponnumony Aboobacker Valliyil Mohammed Giraldes Amanda Engmann Dib Samah Al-Khayat Jassim A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34259-34268
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental problem, particularly in the marine environment, and nations are concerned about this issue.... 相似文献
100.
Simon Holden Sapna Ahuja Amanda Ogilvy-Stuart Helen V. Firth Christoph Lees 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(6):566-567
We describe a case of Harlequin Icthyosis where the main 2D and 3D ultrasound findings were digital contractures as opposed to the more commonly described severe facial dysmorphisms. A prenatal finding of distal arthrogryposis can therefore include harlequin icthyosis as a differential diagnosis, where 3D ultrasound may then disclose the facial features more commonly associated with the condition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献