Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by a novel ZnO-sludge biochar composite

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The incorporation of ZnO into biochar has become a promising way to obtain adsorbents with enhanced adsorption capacity. In this study, a low-cost...     

稀土对植物抗逆作用的自由基机制

通过研究及收集的资料，提出在植物生长期中，稀土元素能增加植物的抗逆性，当植物受到酸雨、重金属及盐胁迫时，稀土表现出抗氧化性质，而且稀土对植物的抗逆作用是由于其具有清除含氧自由基的作用。     

基于过程机理的洪灾生命损失评价模型框架初探

21世纪以来接连发生的印度洋海啸、美国卡特里那飓风、孟加拉强热带风暴等一系列与洪水有关的自然灾害,给人类生命和财产造成了巨大损失,说明当今世界低海拔地区的洪灾脆弱性。系统回顾了目前洪灾生命损失评估采用的经验统计法与GIS分带法,发现这些研究方法忽视了造成洪灾生命损失的过程与机理,计算结果存在较大的不确定性;根据洪灾发生的过程及其生命损失的机理构建了一种新的洪灾生命损失评估模型框架。首先采用"人口吸引动态空间化GIS模型"模拟洪水期间典型时段的人口动态空间分布;其次用基于DEM和GIS网格的"环形"洪水淹没算法进行洪水演进过程的数值模拟,获得水深-流速的洪水过程时空场;接着用GIS网络分析和线性规划方法计算灾区成功转移与转移失败的人口数量及空间分布;然后用避难场所人口空间再分配模型,计算成功避难与避难失败的人口数量及空间分布;最后用建筑物倒塌和个体水中不稳的生命损失评估模型,计算用作避难场所的高层建筑物倒塌和困于水中人员的潜在生命损失。     

Single and joint effects of HHCB and cadmium on zebrafish (Danio rerio) in feculent water containing bedloads

As an important type of emerging pollutants, ecological toxicity and risk of artificial musks are increasingly concerned. Thus, single and joint toxic effects of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran (HHCB) as one of the most widely applied artificial musks and cadmium (Cd) as an toxic metal on zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated by the exposure of zebrafish to various concentrations of HHCB or/and Cd in feculent water containing bedloads. The results indicated that the joint effect of HHCB and Cd changed during different exposure times within 120 h. The index of the antioxidant enzyme system including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were sensitive and induced in the zebrafish stressed by Cd, and content of soluble protein (SP) was sensitive to HHCB and could be used as a biomarker for HHCB. Joint effects on antioxidant enzymes depended more on the effect of single Cd in the first one or two days. However, in the rest exposure days, the effect of HHCB began to dominate in the joint effect during the exposure process.     

Numerical simulation of particle-driven gravity currents

Particle-driven gravity currents frequently occur in nature, for instance as turbidity currents in reservoirs. They are produced by the buoyant forces between fluids of different density and can introduce sediments and pollutants into water bodies. In this study, the propagation dynamics of gravity currents is investigated using the FLOW-3D computational fluid dynamics code. The performance of the numerical model using two different turbulence closure schemes namely the renormalization group (RNG) ${k-\epsilon}$ scheme in a Reynold-averaged Navier-Stokes framework (RANS) and the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique using the Smagorinsky scheme, were compared with laboratory experiments. The numerical simulations focus on two different types of density flows from laboratory experiments namely: Intrusive Gravity Currents (IGC) and Particle-Driven Gravity Currents (PDGC). The simulated evolution profiles and propagation speeds are compared with laboratory experiments and analytical solutions. The numerical model shows good quantitative agreement for predicting the temporal and spatial evolution of intrusive gravity currents. In particular, the simulated propagation speeds are in excellent agreement with experimental results. The simulation results do not show any considerable discrepancies between RNG ${k-\epsilon}$ and LES closure schemes. The FLOW-3D model coupled with a particle dynamics algorithm successfully captured the decreasing propagation speeds of PDGC due to settling of sediment particles. The simulation results show that the ratio of transported to initial concentration C _o /C _i by the gravity current varies as a function of the particle diameter d _s . We classify the transport pattern by PDGC into three regimes: (1) a suspended regime (d _s is less than about 16 μm) where the effect of particle deposition rate on the propagation dynamics of gravity currents is negligible i.e. such flows behave like homogeneous fluids (IGC); (2) a mixed regime (16 μm < d _s <40 μm) where deposition rates significantly change the flow dynamics; and (3) a deposition regime (d _s ?> 40 μm) where the PDGC rapidly loses its forward momentum due to fast deposition. The present work highlights the potential of the RANS simulation technique using the RNG ${k-\epsilon}$ turbulence closure scheme for field scale investigation of particle-driven gravity currents.     

During-incident process assessment in emergency management: Concept and strategy

An incident is normally composed of three stages: pre-incident, during-incident and post-incident. The assessment is a prominent composition in the lifecycle of emergency management for the purpose of quick and effective response. Present-day assessment methods mainly concern the pre-incident risk evaluation and the post-incident loss evaluation. However, during-incident process assessment is of crucial importance to assist the decision-making in emergency response and eventually achieve the goals of emergency management. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of during-incident process assessment and proposes a conceptual model of assessment. Three during-incident process assessment strategies, namely, “mitigability”, “rescuability”, and recoverability are illustrated which quantitatively characterize the evolution of incidents and corresponding responses, and hence contribute to appropriate decisions in practical applications.     

农用地土壤重金属生态安全阈值确定方法的研究进展

农用地土壤重金属生态安全阈值作为农用地土壤环境质量基准制定的重要依据,近年来随着多学科的共同发展,农用地土壤重金属生态安全阈值的确定方法变得越来越完善,但目前对其的研究综述却鲜见报道。因此,文章综述了农用地土壤重金属生态安全阈值的确定方法,详细阐述了点模型、概率模型以及经验模型中的代表方法在确定农用地土壤重金属生态安全阈值方面的概念、原理、发展及应用,并深入探讨了各方法的适用情况和优缺点,系统分析了各方法在确定农用地土壤重金属生态安全阈值时的不确定性及影响因素,最后在前人的研究基础上提出了今后的主要发展方向,以期为我国农用地土壤环境质量标准的完善与细化及农用地土壤其他污染物生态安全阈值的确定提供参考依据。     

Identification of iron and sulfate release processes during riverbank filtration using chemical mass balance modeling

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Various hydrogeochemical processes can modify the quality of river water during riverbank filtration (RBF). Identifying the subsurface processes responsible...     

Broadening of appropriate demulsifier dosage range for latex-containing wastewater by sulfate addition

Investigation of demulsification of polybutadiene latex (PBL) wastewater by polyaluminum chloride (PAC) indicated that there was an appropriate dosage range for latex removal. The demulsification mechanism of PAC was adsorption-charge neutralization and its appropriate dosage range was controlled by zeta potential. When the zeta potential of the mixture was between -15 and 15 mV after adding PAC, the demulsification effect was good. Decreasing the latex concentration in chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 8.0 g/L to 0.2 g/L made the appropriate PAC dosage range narrower and caused the maximum latex removal efficiency to decrease from 95% to 37%. Therefore, more accurate PAC dosage control is required. Moreover, adding 50 mg/L sulfate broadened the appropriate PAC dosage range, resulting in an increase in maximum latex removal efficiency from 37% to 91% for wastewater of 0.2 g COD/L. The addition of sulfate will favor more flexible PAC dosage control in demulsification of PBL wastewater.

Open image in new window