铝材Sn-Ni混合盐电解着枪色参数研究

首先对铝片试样进行预处理,随后在恒定的电流密度和相同的氧化时间下,在铝材表面形成厚度均匀的阳极氧化膜,然后采用方波交流电,对铝试样进行电解着色处理,通过改变铝材电解着色工艺的着色时间、电流密度、正负电流比、占空比等因素来研究这些因素与铝材明度值和色差之间的关系。实验结果表明获得枪色的最佳工艺条件是:着色时间6m in左右,着色电流密度为1.40 A/dm2左右,正向电流比负向电流大7%左右,占空比55%左右。     

湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复形势与对策研究

文章重点分析了湖北长江三峡地区生态功能定位、生态保护修复重点,剖析了湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复形势,在介绍湖北长江三峡地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点的基础上,深入分析了该工程试点推进中的难点问题。提出了相应对策：坚持用系统思维推进山水林田湖草整体保护和修复;加强生态环境问题突出区域重点攻坚,着力解决生态保护修复不充分、不平衡问题;加大社会资本、绿色金融支持力度,健全多元化、差异化资金供给及管理机制;积极探索生态产品及废弃资源价值转化新途径;加强科技支撑、坚持自主创新、打造精品示范工程;提升建设项目服务水平,加强生态环境监测及风险应急能力建设。     

聚α-烯烃合成油的清洁生产工艺

针对聚α-烯烃合成油（PAO）生产旧工艺存在的问题,介绍了以固载化AlCl3为催化剂的PAO生产新工艺,考察了各种因素对PAO收率的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度为100℃、反应时间为8h、A1C1,与α-烯烃质量比为10：75的条件下,PAO收率为48．8％。采用新工艺后,PAO产品质量有了明显提高,黏度指数为132,碱和白土的消耗为零,且没有废渣产生,可实现清洁化生产。     

环境水中西维因残留的检测方法

综述了酶传感器、酶联免疫传感器、液相色谱、荧光光谱和流动注射化学发光等方法在环境水西维因残留检测中的应用,对各种分析方法的工作原理作了简要介绍,并对其应用前景作了展望.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ether in the East Asian environment: a critical review

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been extensively used as flame retardants in consumer goods. Sufficient evidence shows that PBDEs have been rapidly accumulating in the environment worldwide. In Asia, deca-bromodiphenyl ether has been produced and used in large quantities, while penta-BDE has largely ceased in the mid-1990s. This paper summarizes and critically reviews the status of PBDE pollution in East Asia, with emphases on the comparisons with Europe and North America and the interpretation of the differences. In general, the concentrations of PBDEs in atmosphere, sludge, human and biological samples of East Asia are comparable to or lower than those in Europe and North America. However, in the sediments of waters near densely populated and heavily industrialized areas, PBDE levels are among the highest ever reported in the literature. In Japan and China, concentrations of PBDEs in sediment cores showed an increasing trend for the past 20-30 years. Also, PBDEs levels in human breast milk in Japan increased about 10-fold in the past 20 years. The presence of PBDEs in fur seal has increased about 150-fold in 1994 than that in 1972. Regional and inter-continental transport cannot be confirmed due to insufficient information. However, the detection of a number of PBDE congeners in a pristine lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may be an evidence of their long-range transport.     

脉冲电晕反应器结构对乙硫醇消除效果的影响

研究了脉冲电晕等离子体反应器结构的变化对乙硫醇消除效果的影响规律。结果表明,在反应器内设置折流板,可以增加气流的湍动程度,有利于活性粒子与污染物的充分接触,从而提高消除率。高压电极间距对电晕区范围及消毒效果有较大影响,间距较小将导致各电极产生的电场相互干扰明显,消除率减小;而电极间距过大,虽然电极间电场分布相互干扰小,但是反应器内可排布的电极数减少,总电晕区减少,消除率也减小。根据实验结果,电极间距设置为50 mm比较合理。另外,在相同的电场强度和脉冲频率下,毛刺形高压电极比线电极结构能耗低,能量利用率高。     

含中间层的DSA电极电催化氧化硝基苯废水的研究

为了提高难降解有机废水的可生化性,以及更高效地去除废水中的特征污染物,同时避免二次污染,利用自制的含锡锑中间层的钌钯氧化物涂层电极对有机废水中的硝基苯进行处理,并利用SEM、XRD等方法对电极中间层、表层进行微观表征。微观测试表明,基体、中间层、表层之间结合力较强,有利于增强电极寿命;水处理实验表明,电催化氧化反应体系适合高浓度有机废水的处理,由于该反应体系需要外加电解质加强传质,这在实际运用中为废水中盐度的处理提供了一种新的途径,当电流密度为20 mA/cm²、电解质浓度为10 g/L、pH=5、极板间距=2 cm时,电催化氧化体系对硝基苯具有较高的去除效率。     

含油污泥调剖技术在陇东油田悦29区的应用

针对长庆陇东油田悦29区注水平面矛盾突出的特点,优选了含油污泥调剖技术。详细介绍了调剖体系的配制,调剖体系性能测试表明其相关性能指标满足要求。进行了驱替模拟试验,结果表明:其封堵作用可以维持较长时间,通过对不同注水井组进行现场应用,显示该技术能改善水驱开发效果,可以满足油藏深部封堵大孔道的技术要求,有增油降水效果。     

含磁粉生物反应器处理苯酚废水

采用含磁粉生物反应器对质量浓度为120～350 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水进行强化生物处理.实验结果表明:添加适量磁粉可使废水中DO提高约10%;与不含磁粉生物反应器比较,含磁粉生物反应器工艺使填料挂膜时间缩短1～2 d,填料上附着微生物量增多;质量浓度为350 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水在20 h内的苯酚去除率可达80%,降解时间缩短了10 h.初步分析了添加磁粉提高生物反应器处理废水效率的机理.实验证实了含磁粉生物反应器工艺的合理运用是强化处理含酚废水的有效途径.     

Biofiltration treatment of odors from municipal solid waste treatment plants

An in situ compost biofilter was established for the treatment of odors from biostabilization processing of municipal solid waste. The concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in odors and their components were measured. Biofilter media was characterized in terms of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM), pH value and determination of bacterial colony structure. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that the main components of the produced gas were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) along with other alkanes, alkenes, terpenes, and sulphur compounds. The compost biofilter had remarkable removal ability for alkylated benzenes (>80%), but poor removal for terpenes (～30%). Total VOC concentrations in odors during the biostabilization process period ranged from 0.7 to 87 ppmv, and the VOC removal efficiency of the biofilter varied from 20% to 95%. After about 140 days operation, TN, TC, TP and OM in compost were kept almost stable, but the dissolved N, NH₄–N and NO₃–N experienced an increase of 44.5%, 56.2% and 76.3%, respectively. Dissolved P decreased by 27.3%. The pH value experienced an increase in the early period and finally varied from 7.38 to 8.08. Results of bacterial colony in packing material indicated that bacteria and mold colony counts increased, but yeasts and actinomyces decreased along with biofilter operation, which were respectively, 3.7, 3.4, 0.04 and 0.07 times of their initial values.