一种新的处理甲基汞废水的树脂:石油亚砜萃淋树脂

本文对从高硫原油很容易制取的一种新的廉价萃取剂——石油亚砜(PSO)所合成的树脂,即PSO萃淋树脂处理低浓度甲基汞废水的可能性进行了研究。研究结果表明:在中性范围内(pH5—8)树脂对甲基汞的吸附能力很强,吸附率≥99％(废水浓度为10—20ppb);随着流速的增加,吸附率下降幅度很小;树脂易再生, 十倍树脂体积的再生剂(4mol HCl),洗脱率可达97.9％,再生五个周期后,净化率未见明显变化;Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)(Fe~(3+)、Ag+、cu~(2+)、Hg~(2+)、PA(黄腐酸)及Cl~-的干扰实验表咀除Hg~(2+)、Ag+外,其他离子基本没有影响。     

Occurrence of odor problems in drinking water of major cities across China

A comprehensive investigation into the occur-rence of odor problem at 111 drinking water treatment plants （DWTPs） in major cities across China was undertaken using both flavor profile analysis （FPA） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Eighty percent of source water samples exhibited odor problems, characterized by earthy/musty （41%） and swampy/septic （36%） odors, while the occurrence rate was lower （45%） in the finished water. Source water from rivers exhibited more pollution-origin odors, such as the swampy/septic odor, while that from lakes and reservoirs exhibited more algae- origin odors, such as earthy/musty odors. The occurrence rate of 2-methylisoborneol （2-MIB） in the surface source water samples was 75%, with 7% of samples containing 2- MIB concentrations of over 10 ng.L-1. The earthy/musty odor in the lake/reservoir water samples was mainly caused by 2-MIB （linear regression coefficient, R2= 0.69）, while the correlation between 2-MIB concentration and the earthy/musty odor intensity samples was weak （R2= 0.35） in the river-source water These results will be useful for the management of odor-quality problems in drinking water of China.     

SDS－PAGE和HPLC－荧光检测分离鉴定恩施高硒区大豆中含硒蛋白

采用凝胶电泳技术分离恩施高硒地区大豆中的含硒蛋白组分，分辨出２７条蛋白条带。用高效液相色谱－荧光测定法对这些条带分别进行硒含量测定并进行空白扣除，发现其中有１３条带含硒。用标准分子量蛋白标定含硒蛋白组分分子量分别为：５８．１－６０．３；５２．５－５３．７；４６．８－５０．１；２９．５－３０．９；２８．８；２５．１－２５．７；２４．３；１９．７－２０．９；１８．４－１８．６；１６．８－１７．９；１６．１－１６．２；１５．２－１５．８和１４．３－１４．８ｋＤａ。     

Forest Insect Pest Management and Forest Management in China: An Overview

According to the Seventh National Forest Inventory (2004–2008), China’s forests cover an area of 195.45 million ha, or 20.36% of the total land area. China has the most rapidly increasing forest resources in the world. However, China is also a country with serious forest pest problems. There are more than 8,000 species of potential forest pests in China, including insects, plant diseases, rodents and lagomorphs, and hazardous plants. Among them, 300 species are considered as economically or ecologically important, and half of these are serious pests, including 86 species of insects. Forest management and utilization have a considerable influence on the stability and sustainability of forest ecosystems. At the national level, forestry policies always play a major role in forest resource management and forest health protection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of both achievements and challenges in forest management and insect pest control in China. First, we summarize the current status of forest resources and their pests in China. Second, we address the theories, policies, practices and major national actions on forestry and forest insect pest management, including the Engineering Pest Management of China, the National Key Forestry Programs, the Classified Forest Management system, and the Collective Forest Tenure Reform. We analyze and discuss three representative plantations—Eucalyptus, poplar and Masson pine plantations—with respect to their insect diversity, pest problems and pest management measures.     

提高法律地位 强化征收力度 ——谈排污费费改税的必要性

阐述了我国排污收费制度的现状和发展趋势,针对当前排污费征收工作中遇到的问题,提出了排污费费改税的必要性。指出,在我国实行排污费费改税的条件已经具备,应当把排污收费制度的改革提高到作为我国社会经济可持续发展长期战略的一个组成部分的高度来认识和考虑。     

壬基酚对球形棕囊藻的生态毒性效应

为了探讨环境激素类物质壬基酚（Nonylphenol,NP）对海洋赤潮藻的生态毒性效应,实验以球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）为测试对象,设置了7个NP质量浓度处理（0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5和0.6 mg·L-1）,实验周期为96 h,测定了各处理组球形棕囊藻的生长、可溶性蛋白质量浓度、光合色素质量浓度、丙二醛（MDA）摩尔分数以及最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）等指标。结果表明,NP对于球形棕囊藻的96 h EC50为0.42 mg·L-1;而且,随着NP质量浓度的增加,球形棕囊藻的生长速率、可溶性蛋白质量浓度、光合色素质量浓度以及Fv/Fm等指标的下降幅度更加显著;随着NP质量浓度的增加,球形棕囊藻的MDA摩尔分数明显上升;NP低质量浓度（0.1 mg·L-1）暴露能够使球形棕囊藻的类胡萝卜素质量浓度、可溶性蛋白质量浓度和Fv/Fm等指标高于对照组,说明球形棕囊藻在NP暴露下能够产生毒物刺激效应现象。     

A GIS-based Study for Optimizing the Total Emission Control Strategy in Lanzhou City

A geographic information system (GIS)-based approach with spatial analysis advantages was developed to optimize the total emission control scheme on air pollution in Lanzhou, combined with Models-3 modeling system and a linear programming model. GIS system is mainly used for establishing a multifactor assessment model to quantitatively divide environmental functional zone, and also used for selecting control sites in linear programming model. The results show that most of the urban area belongs to the second type of function, which is 122.8 km² occupying about 76.5% and the third type of about 32.9 km² occupying 20.5%. To reach the air quality up to the national standard in the entire control area, some large-emission factories need to cut emissions from 19% to 27%. For small but low-emission height sources, the cut may be as high 40%. The improvement of the ecological environment is urgently needed for controlling the background particle pollution in Lanzhou city.     

胶州湾水质及主要营养盐季节性变化分析

于2010年4个季度对胶州湾水质进行了调查,根据单因子污染指数法,利用计算机软件绘制了水质分区图,分析了胶州湾水质的最新状况及不同季节的水质变化情况,同时对胶州湾主要营养盐无机氮和活性磷酸盐的变化进行了分析。调查结果显示,2010年胶州湾水质定性评价为差,无机氮和活性磷酸盐的平均浓度分别为0.393 mg/L、0.018 mg/L,高值区主要分布在胶州湾东北角,无机氮和活性磷酸盐的平均浓度及空间分布随着季节的变化而呈现了一定的变化。     

Photocatalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli by natural sphalerite suspension: effect of spectrum, wavelength and intensity of visible light

The photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli K-12 is investigated by the natural sphalerite (NS) under different spectra, wavelengths and intensities of visible light (VL) emitted by light-emitting-diode lamp (LED). The spectrum effect of VL on disinfection efficiency is studied by using white LED, fluorescent tube (FT) and xenon lamp (XE), which indicates that the “discreted peak spectrum” of FT is more effective to inactivate bacteria than “continuous spectrum” of LED and XE. Besides, the photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria is compared under different single spectrum (blue, green, yellow and red color) LEDs. The results show that the most effective wavelength ranges of VL for photocatalytic disinfection with the NS are 440-490 and 570-620 nm. Furthermore, a positive relationship is obtained between the disinfection efficiency and the VL intensity. The experiment shows that NS can completely inactivate 10⁷ cfu mL⁻¹E. coli K-12 within 8 h irradiation by white LED with the intensity of 200 mW cm⁻² at pH 8. Moreover, the destruction process of the cell wall and the cell membrane are directly observed by TEM. Finally, no bacterial colony can be detected within a 96 h regrowth test of inactivated bacteria, which reveals that the VL-photocatalytic disinfection leads to an irreversible damage to the bacterial cells.     

On-site and off-site atmospheric PBDEs in an electronic dismantling workshop in south China: gas-particle partitioning and human exposure assessment

Gas samples and total suspended particle during work and off work time were investigated on-site and off-site electronic waste dismantling workshop (I- and O-EWDW), then compared with plastic recycling workshop (PRW) and waste incineration plant (WIP). TSP concentrations and total PBDE were 0.36-2.21 mg/m³ and 27-2975 ng/m³ at different workshops, respectively. BDE-47, -99, and -209 were major ∑PBDE congeners at I-EWDW and WIP, while BDE-209 was only dominant congener in PRW and control sites during work time and all sites during off work time. The gas-particle partitioning result was well correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure for all samples, except for WIP and I-EDWD, at park during work time, and residential area during off work time. The predicted urban curve fitted well with measured φ values at O-DEWD during work time, whereas it was slightly overestimated or underestimated for others. Exposure assessment revealed the highest exposure site was I-EDWD.