加强土壤污染防治 保障土壤环境安全——《江苏省土壤污染防治工作方案》解读

简述了江苏省土壤污染防治现状,对《江苏省土壤污染防治工作方案》进行了解读。该方案从全局和战略的高度对江苏省土壤污染防治工作进行了顶层设计和谋划,提出了当前和今后一个时期土壤污染防治工作的目标与主要任务。指出,土壤污染的形成非一朝一夕,问题的解决也不可能一蹴而就,要充分认识土壤污染防治工作的紧迫性、长期性、艰巨性、复杂性,既要打好攻坚战,也要做好打持久战的准备。     

富营养化东湖水中COD与TOC的相关性研究

为了快速综合的监测有机污染物,及时全面地掌握环境水样中有机污染量,探索性地研究了富营养化湖泊中COD与TOC的相关性。根据东湖水样的有机质谱分析结果,重铬酸钾法测定富营养化水体的适用性在文中得到论证。以大量实验数据为依据,推导出了富营养化湖泊水体中TOC和COD的相关方程。该方程的相关系数r=0.9585,|r|>r0.01,38说明线形相关关系高度显著。实验所得线性回归方程的正确性在理论上得到支持,其较好的精确性通过COD实测值与COD计算值最大相对误差为13.72%得到了证实。对于富营养化东湖水,TOC比COD更能直接合理地表征水体受到有机物质污染的程度。     

生物滴滤塔中两种优势菌种对高浓度甲苯废气净化对比实验

以陶粒为填料,用分别负载2种单一降解甲苯的优势菌种S1、S2的生物滴滤塔净化高浓度甲苯废气的性能进行对比实验研究,实验结果表明:虽然2种优势菌种同为芽孢杆菌,但是菌种S1在降解能力以及停用后恢复等各项指标中均明显高于菌种S2。当甲苯进口浓度低于5.81 mg/L时,S1菌种的去除率始终保持在90%以上,最高的进口浓度达到10.00 mg/L时,甲苯的去除率也可以达到59.78%。对于S2菌种而言,当最高进口浓度达到5.72 mg/L,甲苯的降解率仅可以达到65.65%。两个滴滤塔在停用后恢复运行时,菌种S1可以在极短的时间内恢复,菌种S2则是规律性的在恢复初期出现降解率最低点,且甲苯降解效率只能恢复到70%~80%。     

Modelling tritrophic interactions mediated by induced defence volatiles

Many plant species defend themselves against herbivorous insects indirectly by producing and releasing induced volatiles to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. In this paper, we consider the recruitment of natural enemies attracted by plant-induced volatiles and introduce the An–Liu–Johnson–Lovett model into the Lotka–Volterra model in an attempt to add this missing vital link in tritrophic interaction. Increase in attraction strength of plant-induced volatiles to the natural enemy leads to high fluctuation amplitude of plant biomass and herbivore population. When the attack strength of natural enemies reaches a certain level, fluctuation amplitude of plant biomass and herbivore population will decrease and plant biomass will approach to its environmental carrying capacity. The simulation demonstrates that plant volatile compounds induced by insects have led to the introduction of a third tritrophic level, e.g., natural enemies, into the plant–herbivore system, resulting in the coexistence of plants, insects, and natural enemies during the evolution process.     

聚酰殷老化研究的进展

详述了国内外聚酰胺的老化研究现状及研究方法．重点介绍了聚酰胺老化试验方法及老化分析方法．并指出了聚酰胺老化研究的发展趋势,为聚酰胺防老化研究提供了手段和方法参考。     

毛细柱与填充柱气相色谱法分析环境中甲基汞

介绍巯基棉富集－毛细管气相色谱法测定环境水,沉积物和土壤样口中痕量基汞的分析方法,对毛细管柱与填充柱分析样品中甲基汞的精度度,检测限进行了对比。研究表明,填充柱分析甲基汞的检测限为２ｐｇ,而毛细管柱色谱对甲基汞的检测限为０．５ｇｐ。     

2甲4氯在土壤中吸附常数的测定

介绍２甲４氯除草剂在３种不同有机质含量的土壤中吸附常数的测定,利用批量平衡法建立了Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温线,获得了２甲４氯在土壤中有机碳吸附常数为１０８．２甲４氯在土壤中是单分子层吸附,其吸附行为属于物理吸附。     

Students' environmental concerns and opinions: a Chinese perspective

This study aims at comparing broadly the environmental concerns and opinions between Hong Kong and Beijing students. This is based on an earlier study in Australia which adopted a qualitative approach, using five open-ended question items. In their written comments the children's environmental opinions and concerns were explored. In general, upper primary students tended to be concerned more about the social environment relating to society, while junior and senior secondary students expressed more concern about the social environment relating to the nation and global issues.     

Management of the belgian coast: Opinions and solutions

Since the beginning of the 20th century the Belgian coast has undergone important changes of which an overview is presented here. To determine the view of the Belgian public on the Belgian coast and in order to obtain their opinions and solutions to the problems along the Belgian coast, a questionnaire survey was conducted with a total of 100 respondents divided into five groups, all active in the coastal zone. The five groups included (1) politicians on various levels of authority, (2) coastal entrepreneurs and business people, (3) naturalists and scientists, (4) coastal residents and (5) tourists. Coastal zone problems, as perceived by the different groups, and their solutions are discussed. Former municipalities, in particular, were held responsible for the current coastal problems. Most respondents were skeptic about the application of recent juridical instruments (e.g. the Dune Decree), the structural plans and their power to protect the remaining natural areas. The root of the problems seems to lie in lack of coordination and communication between different authorities responsible for the coastal zone.     

除草剂2，4-D在土壤中吸附常数的测定

介绍除草剂２,４－Ｄ在４种不同有机碳含量、不同ｐＨ值的土壤中吸附常数的测定．结果表明,４种土壤对２,４－Ｄ的吸附等温线均符合非线形的Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式,其有机碳吸附常数的平均值为２３９．６．２,４－Ｄ的吸附常数与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关,土壤的ｐＨ值对２,４－Ｄ的吸附也有一定的影响．