制药废水的可生物降解性与生物毒性研究

制药废水有机物含量高,难生物降解成分多,有些成分可抑制污泥活性或具有生物毒性.以某制药企业维生素生产的7个工段(W1 ～ W7)的排放废水为研究对象,用摇瓶试验评价了各工段废水的可生物降解性能,用瓦勃氏呼吸仪测试了各工段废水对污泥活性的抑制作用,用发光菌急性毒性试验评价了各工段废水经好氧生物处理前后的生物毒性变化.研究...     

Groundwater quality surrounding Lake Texoma during short-term drought conditions

Water quality data from 55 monitoring wells during drought conditions surrounding Lake Texoma, located on the border of Oklahoma and Texas, was compared to assess the influence of drought on groundwater quality. During the drought month of October, water table levels were three feet (0.9 m) lower compared with several months earlier under predrought climate conditions. Detection frequencies of nitrate (> 0.1 mg/l), orthophosphates (> 0.1 mg/l), chlorides (> MCL), and sulfates (> MCL) all increased during drought. Orthophosphate level was higher during drought. Largest increases in concentration were nitrate under both agriculture lands and in septic tank areas. An increase in ammonium-nitrogen was only detected in the septic tank area. The study showed that stressors such as nitrate and total salts could potentially become a health or environmental problem during drought.     

Multi‐Criteria Decision Support Systems for Flood Hazard Mitigation and Emergency Response in Urban Watersheds1

Abstract: Flood management problems are inherently complex, time‐bound and multi‐faceted, involving many decision makers (with conflicting priorities and dynamic preferences), high decision stakes, limited technical information (both in terms of quality and quantity), and difficult tradeoffs. Multi‐Criteria Decision Support Systems (MCDSS) can help to manage this complexity and decision load by combining value judgments and technical information in a structured decision framework. A brief overview of MCDSS is presented, an original MCDSS architecture is put forth, and future research directions are discussed, including extensions to Multi‐Criteria Spatial Decision Support Systems and group MCDSS (as flood management involves shared resources and broad constituencies). With application to the September 11‐12, 2000 Tokai floods in Japan, the proposed multi‐criteria decision support instruments enhance communication among stakeholders and improve emergency management resource allocation. In summary, by making the links among flood knowledge, assumptions and choices more explicit, MCDSS increases stakeholder satisfaction, saves lives, and reduces flood management costs, thereby increasing decision‐making effectiveness, efficiency and transparency.     

地震类突发事件中公共财政应急机制分析

通过对我国地震应急组织体系及财政应对地震类灾害的流程分析,结合国外应对地震类突发事件的成功经验,分析了我国公共财政应对过程中存在的不足,最后建立了5个应对地震类突发事件的财政应急机制,分别是公共财政日常运行机制、震前预警防范机制、震时响应机制、震后恢复重建机制和财政监督检查机制。     

意大利南部San Arcangelo市滑坡研究

通过利用航片解译、现场调查和GIS分析,对意大利南部城市San Arcangelo市的滑坡进行了研究,对不同类型滑坡的机理、控制因素进行了分析.研究发现,不同类型滑坡的控制因素有一定差异,形成的环境因素也各不相同;宏观上讲,滑坡的形成在多数情况下是自然因素和人类活动共同作用的结果;滑坡灾害的防治除了采取有效的工程措施以外,人类生活和生产方式也要做出适当的调整,以减轻其对环境的负面影响.     

Epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms among Korean hospital nurses.

We investigated the epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among a complete cross-section of 330 nurses from a large Korean hospital, by means of a questionnaire survey (response rate: 97.9%). The prevalence of MSS at any body site was 93.6%, with symptoms most commonly reported at the shoulder (74.5%), lower back (72.4%), neck (62.7%), lower legs (52.1%) and hand/wrist (46.7%). Logistic regression indicated that nurses who undertook manual handling of patients were 7.2 times as likely to report MSS (OR 7.2, 95%CI 1.2-42.3, P = .0275), while nurses suffering from periodic depression experienced a 3.3-fold MSS risk (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.3-8.3, P = .0104). Overall, our study suggests that Korean nurses incur a very high MSS burden when compared internationally. A greater commitment is needed to improve physical conditions, occupational tasks and psychosocial work issues among nurses in this country.     

水喷淋控制烟气输运的大涡模拟研究

本文采用大涡模拟方法研究了烟气输运和水喷淋之间的相互作用问题。研究目的是探讨水喷淋（或细水雾）对烟气输运的控制和抑制的有效性和要行性。为了有效地模拟烟气输运过程，本文采用了低马赫数近似下的三维可压缩滤波形式的Navier-Stokes方程进行有限差分法数值求解。烟气的生成和运动采用携带燃烧反应热的Lagrangian粒子（热元模型）来模拟，同时喷淋器喷出的细水雾也采用模型模拟。在本文的研究中，烟气由一个独立的火池产生并且被一股来流（或风）驱动，从而在一个方形槽道里形成烟气输运，在火池下游槽道的顶部布置若干个喷淋器并喷出水雾，以便探讨水雾对烟气输运的控制作用。本文着重分析讨论了不同喷淋角和水雾半径下水雾对烟气输运的控制和抑制效果。     

水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺在抗生素废水处理中的应用

介绍了抗生素废水的难降解、硫酸盐和总氮含量高的特点及其治理的必要性.针对这些特点,水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺在处理中具有优势.从机理上阐述了该工艺解决上述问题的可行性及实际应用,并进一步指出了需要完善之处.     

用复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的试验研究

本文对处理含乳化油废水所用的破乳絮凝剂进行了试验研究.分别采用电解质、无机高分子聚合物及电解质与高分子聚合物复合处理含乳化油废水.结果表明,与采用单一药剂相比,电解质与无机高分子聚合物复合处理含乳化油废水具有投药量小、药剂费用低、处理效果好、pH值适用范围宽等特点.本文还探讨了电解质与无机高分子聚合物复合破乳的机理,并且提出处理不同浓度的含乳化油废水时电解质与高分子聚合物的最佳复配比例及配比规律.还讨论了投加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的协同作用.这些为工业应用提供了必要的技术参数.     

山西中部地区地震灾害损失预测

简要分析了山西中部的历史地震灾害,用地震安全性评定的综合概率法计算了每个单元遭遇烈度的概率,并对建筑物类型进行分类,根据各类建筑物的易损性矩阵和不同类型单元的人涡震亡率、震伤率矩阵,计算出各个单元建筑物的期望经济损失和人员伤亡期望绝对值,并对计算结果进行了分析和比较。