Emission inventory evaluation using observations of regional atmospheric background stations of China

Any accurate simulation of regional air quality by numerical models entails accurate and up-to-date emissions data for that region.The INTEX-B2006 (I06),one of the newest emission inventories recently popularly used in China and East Asia,has been assessed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and observations from regional atmospheric background stations of China.Comparisons of the model results with the observations for the species SO2,NO 2,O 3 and CO from the three regional atmospheric background stations of Shangdianzi,Longfengshan and Linan show that the model can basically capture the temporal characteristics of observations such as the monthly,seasonal and diurnal variance trends.Compared to the other three species,the simulated CO values were grossly underestimated by about two-third or one-half of the observed values,related to the uncertainty in CO emissions.Compared to the other two stations,Shangdianzi had poorer simulations,especially for SO2 and CO,which partly resulted from the site location close to local emission sources from the Beijing area;and the regional inventory used was not capable of capturing the influencing factors of strong regional sources on stations.Generally,the fact that summer gave poor simulation,especially for SO2 and O 3,might partly relate to poor simulations of meteorological fields such as temperature and wind.     

脱硫设备用高效耐温防腐材料的研究

脱硫设备用有机高分子防腐材料，其性能主要取决于该材料的耐温抗老化性。本文通过机理分析及试验将研究一种有机硅改性的环氧树脂，并加入超细石墨粉和石棉绒，以硅烷偶联剂处理的玻璃布为增强骨架，做成耐温玻璃钢复合防腐材料。由实验发现，该防腐材料随温度的变化具有优良的稳定性和强度保留率，能够满足工业性应用要求。     

3例不同硒反应症状人血浆和血红细胞蛋白中硒的形态分布

用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ－ＨＰＬＣ荧光检测方法了３例人血浆和红细胞蛋白或其亚其中的硒分布。在所采集的硒中毒病人，无病人和大骨节病人血浆中，分别邮５，５和４条含硒条带，在红细胞中则分别检出４，４和３条含硒条带，人血浆白蛋白或血浆硒蛋白和血红蛋白是人血硒结合蛋白。     

膜法回收有机蒸汽进展

简要介绍了有机蒸汽（voc）的来源、分类及其对人体和环境的危害。介绍了膜分离技术在有机蒸汽回收中应用的工作原理、工艺设计特点和要求等。简要介绍了几种从VOC中回收溶剂的方法,并分析如何进行选择。较详细地论述了蒸汽渗透、气体膜分离、膜基吸收三种膜技术用于废气中挥发性有机化合物去除和回收的研究进展。论述了国外采用膜技术回收废气中VOC的工业应用情况,而中国的膜分离法回收VOC处于起步阶段,并就今后的发展方向进行了评述。     

土壤中苯氧羧酸类除草剂的降解动态

在室内模拟条件下研究了 2甲 4氯、2,4-D和除草醚在土壤中的降解动态 .将它们放在 3种不同有机质含量的土壤中培养 ,隔一段时间取出测定它们在土壤中的含量 ,发现随着时间的延长 ,它们的含量在逐渐减少 .在未考虑土壤中微生物的作用时 ,上述 3种农药在土壤中的稳定性与土壤中的有机质含量及 pH值似乎存在一定的相关性 .除草剂在有机质含量高的土壤中降解较快 ,2甲 4氯 ,2 ,4-D和除草醚在黑土中的降解半衰期分别为 28.6d,27.3d,71.5d;而在红土中的降解半衰期分别为223.6d,301.4d,97.6d,苯氧羧酸类除草剂在酸性土壤中表现得更为稳定 .     

水体中摇蚊幼虫的孳生规律及其控制途径

摇蚊幼虫污染是给水处理中出现的新问题 ,本文对国内外现有的研究与控制方法进行了简要的综述。分析了摇蚊幼虫的污染现状、污染产生原因 ,并介绍了摇蚊的生活史以及空间和季节分布规律 ,在此基础上 ,阐述了摇蚊幼虫孳生的物理、化学和生物环境因素 ;指出了摇蚊的自身特性和现有的研究手段 ;目前对摇蚊幼虫污染进行综合防治所采用的方法有物理法、化学法和生物操纵法。提出了进一步研究此类问题的建议。     

撬装式含油污水处理装置的研制

介绍了撬装式含油污水处理装置的研制过程.通过对液-液水力旋流技术、聚结斜板沉降技术、多滤料过滤技术等方面的研究,研制出一套撬装式含油污水处理装置,该装置具有结构紧凑、处理效果好、占地面积小、便于操作、便于运输的特点,适于小区块或边缘油田含油污水的处理.经现场实验,当停留时间仅为5 s时,即可获得较高的除油效率,在进口含油小于150 mg/L时,可将出口水中含油控制在30 mg/L以下,在进口悬浮固体含量小于100 mg/L时,可将出口水中悬浮固体含量控制在20 mg/L以下,使出口水质达到了行业标准SY/T5329-94中的中渗透率油田的B1级的注水标准,实现了含油污水处理后的就地回注,大大节省了污水处理成本.     

Response of non-point source pollutant loads to climate change in the Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment

The impacts of climate change on streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads in the Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment are predicted by combining a general circulation model (HadCM3) with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. A statistical downscaling model was used to generate future local scenarios of meteorological variables such as temperature and precipitation. Then, the downscaled meteorological variables were used as input to the SWAT hydrological model calibrated and validated with observations, and the corresponding changes of future streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads in Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment were simulated and analyzed. Results show that daily temperature increases in three future periods (2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099) relative to a baseline of 1961–1990, and the rate of increase is 0.63°C per decade. Annual precipitation also shows an apparent increase of 11 mm per decade. The calibration and validation results showed that the SWAT model was able to simulate well the streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads, with a coefficient of determination of 0.7 and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of about 0.7 for both the calibration and validation periods. The future climate change has a significant impact on streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads. The annual streamflow shows a fluctuating upward trend from 2010 to 2099, with an increase rate of 1.1 m³ s⁻¹ per decade, and a significant upward trend in summer, with an increase rate of 1.32 m³ s⁻¹ per decade. The increase in summer contributes the most to the increase of annual load compared with other seasons. The annual NH₄⁺-N load into Shitoukoumen reservoir shows a significant downward trend with a decrease rate of 40.6 t per decade. The annual TP load shows an insignificant increasing trend, and its change rate is 3.77 t per decade. The results of this analysis provide a scientific basis for effective support of decision makers and strategies of adaptation to climate change.     

地震与环境生态

基于地震环境生态破坏的实际资料,我们讨论了以下的问题;（1）从Ⅸ度地震烈度开始就会引起环境生态的破坏;（2）初步划分Ⅸ－Ⅻ度情况下地地震对环境生态破坏程度;（3）得出了在发生6．7级－8．5级地震时环境生态破坏的面积;（4）提出了地震引起环境生态破坏的恢复和补救对策。     

近500年京津冀地区最严重的干旱和社会对干旱的响应

本文确定了京津冀地区近500年米最严重的干旱时段。讨论了社会对干旱的响应。说明了干旱已是制约该区经济发展的重要因素。