利用微生物进行煤炭脱硫

从松藻煤矿分离到的氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)菌株T-4,能够利用煤炭中的黄铁矿作为能源基质,用含有细胞量10~8-10~9个/ml,pH1.55-1.70的种菌液,脱除煤炭中的无机硫,并进行了细菌煤炭脱硫的条件试验,9个样品4—72h试验结果,总硫量由1.31—2.45％降至1.05—1.88％,黄铁矿硫脱除率达86.11—95.16％.     

The epidemic characteristics of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in different eco-environments

Epidemiological survey of 573 families, clinical examination of 2593 persons, and X-ray examination of 1136 persons (in 16 typical endemic villages) were conducted, based on the classification of endemiology for KBD disease areas, i.e, mountain type, loess plateau type, plateau type, and flatlands type. It was revealed that the KBD disease areas exhibited the regular pattern of corming-into-being, development and passing-away and the characteristics of growth and decline. Further, it was found clinically that the disease areas may be divided into 4 types, i.e., recent onset, developing, stable, and historical. This division is simple and easy, practical, scientific, and reliable and can be applied by medical personnel at different levels.     

Ecological assessment of cities-procedure and a case study

This paper discusses the scientific background and content of the ecological assessment of cities, and takes Boda, a new town in Xinjiang province, China, as a case study.     

Determinants of parental decisions to abort for chromosome abnormalities

Parental decisions concerning the continuation of pregnancy following prenatal detection of abnormal chromosomes were evaluated for 80 patients whose diagnosis and prenatal counselling were performed in our centre. Twenty-two anomalies were diagnosed by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and 58 by amniocentesis. The severity of the chromosome anomaly and associated ultrasound findings in the first vs. second trimester were correlated with patients' decisions. No difference was found in the likelihood of parental decisions to interrupt or continue a pregnancy between CVS and amniocentesis for either the‘severe’ or the‘questionable’ group of chromosome anomalies. Ninety-three per cent of patients with severe prognosis and 27 per cent with questionable prognosis opted for pregnancy termination (p <0·0001). The association of ultrasound anomalies and termination was highly significant (p< 0·001). The severity of the chromosome anomaly, and, to a lesser extent, the visualization of anomalies on ultrasound were the major determinants of parental decisions to terminate the pregnancy. The diagnosis of an anomaly in the first trimester was no more likely ito lead to a termination of pregnancy than in the second trimester.     

Dystrophin protein and rflp analyis for fetal diagnosis and carrier confirmation of duchenne muscular dystrophy

A pregnant woman with indeterminate Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) carrier status, but with DMD diagnosed in her deceased brother (unavailable for study), presented for prenatal diagnosis, intending to continue the pregnancy only if proven unaffected with DMD with near absolute certainty. Creatine kinase (CK) assays to clarify carrier status were inconclusive. Male sex in the fetus was identified, but DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was not yet available to this centre to investigate the possible transmission of the DMD gene, and the pregnancy was terminated. Tissue histology and dystrophin protein analysis demonstrated the absence of DMD. In a situation with proven maternal carrier status, future fetal inheritance of the opposite maternal X chromosome would indicate the presence of DMD. However, maternal carrier status remained in doubt through a second pregnancy, even with RFLP studies, and was finally established when dystrophin analysis confirmed the presence of DMD in the second fetus. Histologic findings are presented, contrasting features in the two fetuses. The value of dystrophin analysis for establishing the diagnosis of fetal DMD, in this case proving maternal carrier status in a difficult situation, and for demonstrating DMD gene:RFLP haplotype relationships is illustrated.     

环状扩散管-分级采样器的建立和细粒子酸性的测定

建立了国内第一台扩散管－分级采样器，用来研究大气气胶溶胶的组成和细粒子的酸性，实验证明该采样系统能够有效地避免大气中的碱性物质对颗粒物采样的干扰。在北京，湖南等地进行了现场实验，测定了气溶胶的酸性。     

模拟酸雨对浙东北红壤中盐基离子和铝的淋失影响研究

通过对浙江省东北部杭州至宁波地区两个红壤剖面的模拟酸雨淋溶实验研究表明，随着时间的延续，盐基离子的淋失浓度会在某一时期出现一个峰值。该峰值的出现与酸雨的ｐＨ值并不简单相关，Ａｌ＾３＋的淋失浓度只是在酸雨ｐＨ值＝２．５左右才显增高并在淋出液ｐＨ＝４．０时有一个阈值，经ｐＨ＝２．５－３．０模拟酸雨１０余年降水量的淋溶，红壤中淋出液的ｐＨ值下降不超过０．８。     

稀土元素镧对金鱼藻生长生理及细胞叶绿体结构的影响

研究了稀土元素镧对金鱼藻叶绿素总量、抗坏血酸氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶等代谢指标和细胞叶绿体亚显微结构的影响，以及金鱼藻对镧的吸收积累作用，结果表明，短期内低浓度（２－１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的镧对金鱼藻生长有一定刺激促进作用，但随处理时间的延长及处理浓度的提高，抑制作用明显增强，并破坏细胞叶绿体结构；金鱼藻对镧有较强的吸收积累能力。     

估算放射性核素在近海底泥中沉积量的近似方法

放射性核素在近海底泥中的分布规律研究是探讨沿海核设施及核电站低放废液排入附近海域后对环境影响的一个重要方面。由于实际海域条件的复杂性，如何估算放射性核素在底泥中的含量是一个至今没有搞清的课题，应用一种保守简单有效的估算方法，以一个简化实例探讨了该方法的应用。     

功能区排放负荷污染系数百分比分配法研究

在考虑了总量控制区风频、风速和各功能区位置及污染源“影响范围”等影响因素的条件下，提出了“平均下风距离”的概念，从而建立了一种更为科学、合理的总量控制区内功能区排放负荷分配新方法。通过与 总量控制A值法所提出的面积分配方法相比较，验证了新方法的合理性和有效性。