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81.
Antignac JP Cariou R Zalko D Berrebi A Cravedi JP Maume D Marchand P Monteau F Riu A Andre F Le Bizec B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):164-173
In the frame of a French monitoring program, tri- to deca- polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE) have been measured in maternal and cord serum, adipose tissue, and breast milk samples, collected from 93 volunteer women during caesarean deliveries. The seven major tri- to heptaBDE (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were detected in adipose tissue and breast milk with cumulated median values of 2.59 and 2.51 ng g−1 l w. Nine highly brominated octa- to decaBDE (BDE-196, 197, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208 and 209) was performed in the same samples, with cumulated median values of 2.73 and 3.39 ng g−1 l w in adipose tissue and breast milk, respectively. At this opposite, median levels of octa- to decaBDE in maternal and cord serum appeared significantly higher than the levels of tri- to heptaBDE in the same matrices, i.e. 8.85 and 12.34 versus 0.98 and 0.69 ng g−1 l w, respectively. 相似文献
82.
Kevin C. Weng Andre M. Boustany Peter Pyle Scot D. Anderson Adam Brown Barbara A. Block 《Marine Biology》2007,152(4):877-894
Satellite telemetry studies of 20 adult and sub-adult white sharks (360–530 cm estimated total length (TL)) in the eastern
North Pacific during 1999–2005 revealed long distance seasonal migrations from the coast of California to an offshore focal
area 2,500 km west of the Baja Peninsula, as well as the Hawaii Islands. Three tags were recovered allowing detailed behavioral
analyses, including one shark’s migration cycle from the coast to the offshore focal area and back. While near pinniped rookeries
in autumn and winter, sharks avoided the surface and used water to 50 m depth, consistent with a silhouette-based hunting
strategy. Offshore migrations were initiated during November–March and followed periods of decreasing pinniped abundance.
Migrations were highly directed, taking 23 ± 5 days to reach the offshore focal area along similar paths among sharks and
years, defining a migration corridor. Sharks exhibited a broad depth distribution (0–644 m) in the offshore focal area, and
remained there for up to 167 days during spring and summer, though primary productivity and fishery data suggest that forage
resources are scarcer there than in other regions of the eastern North Pacific. Archival data from one shark revealed intensive
oscillatory movements while in the offshore focal area, a behavior that may be related to foraging or mating. Sharks traveling
to Hawaii remained near the islands up to 122 days, potentially feeding on pelagic fishes and marine mammals that concentrate
around the islands.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
83.
James N. Macri Kevin Spencer Kenneth Garver Philip D. Buchanan Burhan Say Nancy J. Carpenter Francoise Muller Andre Boué 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(2):97-103
The median maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) multiple of the median (MOM) of 480 Down syndrome cases in the second trimester was 2·64, significantly greater than the reported median MOM of intact hCG (p<0·0001). In 234 of these cases from retrospective and prospective studies, the effectiveness of maternal serum free beta hCG was evaluated in combination with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and maternal age in second-trimester Down syndrome screening. Down syndrome detection in the gestational age range of 14–16 weeks was 82 per cent. In all gestational weeks (14–22), a 77·7 per cent Down syndrome detection rate was achieved. In prospective screening of 44 272 patients under the age of 35 years, 69 per cent of Down syndrome cases were detected (73 per cent in gestational weeks 14–16). The false-positive rate for the prospective study was 3·8 per cent. The use of free beta hCG combined with maternal serum AFP and maternal age-related risk for Down syndrome in a screening population (i.e., women under 35 years) yields an improved detection efficiency over other protocols. 相似文献
84.
天津市非道路移动源污染物排放清单开发 总被引:4,自引:8,他引:4
基于天津市非道路移动源污染管控需求,根据调研收集到的2015年非道路移动源活动水平数据,采用环保部《非道路移动污染源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》推荐的核算方法,建立较为完整的天津市非道路移动源排放清单,分析污染物的时空分布.2015年,天津市非道路移动源排放CO 6.15×10~3t、HC 2.45×10~3t、NO_x2.90×10~4t、PM 1.45×10~3t、SO_21.37×10~4t.船舶污染物排放占比最高,为所有非道路移动源污染物排放总量的73.66%,主要分布于天津港区;其次是非道路移动机械,占21.66%,主要分布于市郊种植业和养殖业区县、城市建设和人群活动较为密集的城区;民航飞机和铁路机车占比较小,分别为3.55%和1.13%,主要分布于机场和铁路沿线.总体上,非道路移动源从3月开始排放量逐渐升高,而年底和年初(冬季)排放量相对较低. 相似文献
85.
Andrew C. Kessler Satish C. Gupta 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(4):1101-1113
Wetland restoration has been proposed as a tool to mitigate excess runoff and associated nonpoint source pollution in the Upper Midwestern United States. This study quantified the surficial water retention capacity of existing and drained wetlands for the Greater Blue Earth River Basin (GBERB), an intensively drained agricultural watershed. Using airborne light detection and ranging, the historic depressional storage was determined to be 152 mm. Individual depression analysis suggested that the restoration of most drained areas would have little impact on the storage capacity of the GBERB because the majority (53%) of retention capacity was in large depressions (>40 ha) which comprised only a small proportion (<1.0) of the observed depressions. Accounting for change in storage and the difference in annual evapotranspiration (ET) between wetlands and the croplands that replaced them, restoration of all depressions in the Minnesota portion of GBERB would provide a maximum of 131 mm additional capacity over and above the modern day capacity (193 mm; 56 mm depressional storage; 60 mm wetland ET; and 77 mm cropland ET). Considering that depressional depths in smaller areas are within the range of uncertainty of the lidar digital elevation models and larger depressions have the most storage, we conclude that efforts to increase the surficial water‐holding capacity of the GBERB would be best served in the restoration of large (>40 ha) depressions. 相似文献
86.
History of Bioengineering Techniques for Erosion Control in Rivers in Western Europe 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andre Evette Sophie Labonne Freddy Rey Frederic Liebault Oliver Jancke Jacky Girel 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):972-984
Living plants have been used for a very long time throughout the world in structures against soil erosion, as traces have
been found dating back to the first century BC. Widely practiced in Western Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,
bioengineering was somewhat abandoned in the middle of the twentieth century, before seeing a resurgence in recent times.
Based on an extensive bibliography, this article examines the different forms of bioengineering techniques used in the past
to manage rivers and riverbanks, mainly in Europe. We compare techniques using living material according to their strength
of protection against erosion. Many techniques are described, both singly and in combination, ranging from tree planting or
sowing seeds on riverbanks to dams made of fascine or wattle fences. The recent appearance of new materials has led to the
development of new techniques, associated with an evolution in the perception of riverbanks.
This study was part of a research project on river bioengineering funded by the French Ministère de l’Ecologie, de l’Energie,
du Développement Durable et de l’Aménagement du Territoire, Direction Générale de la Prévention des Risques. 相似文献
87.
Sex-specific nest defense in house sparrows (Passer domesticus) varies with badge size of males 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Heinz-Ulrich Reyer Wiltrud Fischer Pascale Steck Thomas Nabulon Philip Kessler 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,42(2):93-99
According to indicator models of sexual selection, females can benefit from choosing males with above average epigamic traits,
but empirical evidence for such benefits is scarce. Here, we report results from an experiment with 29 pairs of house sparrows
(Passer domesticus) where the intensity of nest defense against a mounted mustelid predator was related to the size of the black throat and
breast patch (“badge”) in males. Using principal components analysis (PCA), original response variables of both sexes were
reduced to two factors: “Approach” to the predator and “Distant warning”. “Approach”, the more risky behavior, increased from
small- through medium- to large-badged males and decreased in their females. Since large-badged males have a higher certainty
of paternity (i.e. greater benefits from defense) and may be older and more experienced (i.e. incur lower costs), the most
likely explanation for male defense intensity increasing with badge size is an improving benefit/cost ratio. The resulting
optimal response of their females and evolutionarily stable participation in joint parental care is illustrated by a graphical
model. It shows that females would, indeed, benefit directly from choosing large-badged males. This, however, is no proof
of a direct evolutionary tie between badge size and paternal behavior, as assumed by indicator models of sexual selection.
It may simply represent a spurious relationship, originating from the correlation of badge size and defense with confidence
of paternity.
Received: 22 September 1997 / Accepted after revision: 3 November 1997 相似文献
88.
Naidoo Kristina Chuturgoon Anil Cliff Geremy Singh Sanil Ellis Megan Otway Nicholas Vosloo Andre Gregory Michael 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16798-16805
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We studied the possible metal offloading onto the progeny of three pregnant female ragged-tooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) (C. taurus). The presences... 相似文献
89.
Near-to-nature stormwater management aims at replicating the quasi-natural local water balance and preserving the ecosystem's integrity of affected waters. Surface waters in the urban areas of Trier-Petrisberg are managed by a separate sewer system in conjunction with a complex retention system. To investigate the effect of this alternative rainwater management practice on the local water balance, a differentiated discharge and groundwater monitoring network with a high spatio-temporal measurement resolution has been implemented within the watershed. Additional information regarding the proportion and spatial distribution of discharge-generating surfaces was provided through visual interpretation of aerial photographs. As a result of this analysis, groundwater levels were found to not be significantly affected by an increase of local sealed surfaces, and the ecologically-justifiable maximum discharge in the tributary was infrequently exceeded. Regarding further building development and climate change, the hydrological load capacity of the retention basins will provide effective rainwater management, even with respect to increasing precipitation intensities and frequencies. 相似文献
90.
John W. Andrews Pierre Bonnifay Bernard J. Cha Yves Barthel Andre Deschamps Sigismund Frankowiak 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):664-667
The body of information of this paper is directed to those individuals charged with selecting a process to control atmospheric sulfur emissions from Claus plants serving refineries, gas processing installations, and chemical plants. The TGT process developed by the French Petroleum Institute (IFP) is an extension of the Claus reaction itself in the liquid phase. Mixed H2S and SO2 in tail gas from Claus units is fed to a packed tower in which a solution of proprietary catalyst in a high BP polyglycol circulates countercurrent to the gas flow. The mixed gases react with the catalyst to form a complex, which in turn reacts with more gases to produce elemental sulfur. Reaction temperature keeps the sulfur above its melting point. Product accumulates in the boot of the tower and is drawn off continuously through a seal leg. The IFP TGT process is simple in design and units have simple construction, characterized by use of low carbon steel and the use of very few pieces of equipment. Of all processes used today to take effluent sulfur values down to 1000 ppm SO2 after incineration, the IFP TGT process requires the least capital investment and the lowest operating costs. Twenty-six full scale plants are operating or under design or construction: nine each in the U.S. and Japan, five in the U.S.S.R. and Poland, two in western Europe and one in Canada. Capacities of the Claus plants served range from 45 to 800 Lt/d sulfur. 相似文献