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511.
Andrea Gori Cristina Linares Sergio Rossi Rafel Coma Josep-Maria Gili 《Marine Biology》2007,151(4):1571-1584
Paramuricea clavata (Risso, 1826) and Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1794) are the most representative gorgonian species in hard bottoms sublittoral communities in the Western Mediterranean
Sea. Reproductive cycles of two populations of both species were studied in two distinct locations approximately 600 km apart
(Medes Islands and Cape of Palos), in order to assess interpopulation variability on a relevant geographic scale. Seasonal
variation of lipid concentration levels in the gorgonian tissue was used as a tool to quantify energy storage by each studied
population in order to explain possible interpopulation differences in gonadal output. Sex ratio in Medes Islands populations
of both species was 1:1, while in Cape of Palos sex ratio was significantly male biased (1:7) in P. clavata, and female biased (1.7:1) in E. singularis populations. Spawning timing occurred in all cases coinciding with a marked increase in sea-water temperature in spring,
and after the most successful feeding season, but comparing localities there was a clear temporal shift in the time of gametes
release, appearing well linked to the shift in sea-water temperature rising in spring in both sites at the depth where populations
are placed. Therefore, in this study the temperature appears as the main synchronizing factor of gonadal development within
these populations. Significant differences in gonadal volume per polyp were found in both species owing mainly to differences
in the number of gonads per polyp between populations, with Cape of Palos populations displaying higher values in both studied
species, suggesting that the exposition to different local conditions may be reverted in a different gonadal output. But the
observed patterns in lipid concentrations levels in gorgonians disable us to conclude that lipid concentration levels explain
the observed differences in gonadal output found in this study. 相似文献
512.
513.
A total of 22 magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) from Isla Martillo in the Beagle Channel, Argentina, were successfully satellite tracked in 2004 (n = 7), 2005 (n = 7) and 2006 (n = 8) to monitor their winter migration after moult. Only one magellanic penguin migrated northwards into the Pacific Ocean,
whereas all others remained in the Atlantic Ocean. In general, these birds left the island in an easterly direction, rounded
Cabo San Diego, the southeasterly tip of South America, and continued northwards occupying inshore waters mostly less than
50 km from the coast, only occasionally venturing further offshore. By the end of the transmission period, birds were still
travelling northwards and the most northerly positions were obtained from birds located in the area of Peninsula Valdés, Argentina,
at a latitude of around 42°S, some 1,500 km from their breeding site on Isla Martillo. The mean maximum distance to the breeding
site was, however, only 624 ± 460 km. The mean minimum distance covered during the study period was 1,440 ± 685 km, which
corresponded to a mean distance of 23.2 ± 6.6 km covered per day. The northbound migration of the penguins could be separated
into periods of rapid movement, interspersed with periods during which the birds remained for some time in particular coastal
regions. Areas with a high density of daily penguin positions were observed in three distinct areas: at the northeastern coast
of Tierra del Fuego, at the southern entrance of Golfo San Jorge and to the northeast of the Peninsula Valdez. The observed
migration pattern is presumably driven by the formation and subsequent dispersal of areas of enhanced productivity as the
season progressed. Our findings also suggest that magellanic penguins are increasingly threatened by human activities in coastal
areas as penguins migrate northwards. 相似文献
514.
Silvia Nava Paolo Prati Franco Lucarelli Pier Andrea Mandò Alessandro Zucchiatti 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):247-260
We describe the results of an aerosol sampling campaign performedin 1999 in the medium-size industrial town of La Spezia, in theNorthwest of Italy. We used two-stage continuous streakersamplers in three different sites and periods of the year. This kind of samplers allows the separation of the PM10 andPM2.2 fractions of the particulate matter. Moreover, the hourly resolution in the aerosol collection is particularly useful inan urban environment where, typically, many pollution sourceswith fast variations are present. Up to 1700 samples have beenanalysed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) at the INFNaccelerator facility in Florence, obtaining hourly concentrationfor about 20 elements from Na to Pb, with a sensitivity rangingfrom below 1 to about 10 ng m-3. The total hourly aerosolmass has been estimated with an optical analysis of the samesamples performed (before the PIXE analysis) by an equipment designed and mounted in Genoa. An extensive statistical analysisof the data included standard and Absolute Principal ComponentFactor Analysis (PCFA and APCFA) to deduce the compositionand the weight of the major aerosol sources in both fractions.Thorough different statistical approaches, we generally resolvedcontributions from vehicle emission, fossil fuel combustion,soil-road dust and sea salt aerosol. 相似文献
515.
516.
517.
This research examined community acceptance of policy instruments that could be used to promote ongoing maintenance of domestic rainwater tank systems. Using an online survey of 533 tank owners in South East Queensland, Australia, the research investigated four sets of factors that influence policy acceptance: features of the policy, judgements of policy fairness and effectiveness, contextual framing, and individual attitudes and motivations towards tank maintenance. An experimental design incorporating choice modelling was employed. Results demonstrated that perceptions of policy fairness and effectiveness are important to acceptance. Policies that include enabling features associate with increased perceptions of effectiveness, and policies that use incentives are linked to increased perceptions of both fairness and effectiveness. Individual attitudes and motivations regarding tank maintenance were significant predictors of policy support. Perceptions of a person's own ability to undertake tank maintenance tasks were negative predictors of policy intervention, suggesting that people who believe they can carry out maintenance themselves may not see the need for a policy that encourages tank maintenance to exist. The findings are discussed in relation to issues of policy design. 相似文献
518.
Daniele Contini Franco Belosi Andrea Gambaro Daniela Cesari Angela Maria Stortini Maria Chiara Bove 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(11):1954-1965
The Venice Lagoon is exposed to atmospheric pollutants from industrial activities, thermoelectric power plants, petrochemical plants, incinerator, domestic heating, ship traffic, glass factories and vehicular emissions on the mainland. In 2005, construction began on the mobile dams (MOSE), one dam for each channel connecting the lagoon to the Adriatic Sea as a barrier against high tide. These construction works could represent an additional source of pollutants. PM10 samples were taken on random days between 2007 and 2010 at three different sites: Punta Sabbioni, Chioggia and Malamocco, located near the respective dam construction worksites. Chemical analyses of V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl and Pb in PM10 samples were performed by Inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) and results were used to identify the main aerosol sources. The correlation of measured data with meteorology, and source apportionment, failed to highlight a contribution specifically associated to the emissions of the MOSE construction works. The comparison of the measurements at the three sites showed a substantial homogeneity of metal concentrations in the area. Source apportionment with principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) showed that a four principal factors model could describe the sources of metals in PM10. Three of them were assigned to specific sources in the area and one was characterised as a source of mixed origin (anthropogenic and crustal). A specific anthropogenic source of PM10 rich in Ni and Cr, active at the Chioggia site, was also identified. 相似文献
519.
Andrea Zoia Christelle Latrille Alberto Beccantini Alain Cartadale 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,109(1-4):14-26
We investigate the spatial and temporal features of variable-density contaminant plumes migration in porous materials. Our analysis is supported by novel experimental results concerning concentration profiles inside a vertical column setup that has been conceived at CEA to this aim. The experimental method relies on X-ray spectrometry, which allows determining solute profiles as a function of time at several positions along the column. The salient outcomes of the measurements are elucidated, with focus on miscible fluids in homogeneous saturated media. The role of the injected solution molarity is evidenced. As molarity increases, the solutes plume transport progressively deviates from the usual Fickian behavior, and pollutants distribution becomes skewed in the direction dictated by gravity. By resorting to a finite elements approach, we numerically solve the nonlinear equations that rule the pollutants migration: a good agreement is found between the simulated profiles and the experimental data. At high molarity, a strong dependence on initial conditions is found. Finally, we qualitatively explore the (unstable) interfacial dynamics between the dense contaminant plume and the lighter resident fluid that saturates the column, and detail its evolution for finite-duration contaminant injections. 相似文献
520.
Ann Sloan Devlin Sarah Donovan Arianne NicolovOlivia Nold Andrea PackardGabrielle Zandan 《Journal of environmental psychology》2009
The impact of the number of displayed credentials (0, 2, 4, or 9) and the presence or absence of family photographs on participants' judgments of a therapist's qualities was assessed. In a between-participants design, 227 participants made these judgments after viewing a projected digital image of a therapist's office. The judgments of the characteristics yielded three factors, Qualifications, Friendliness, and Energy. Analyses indicated that in general, the greater the number of credentials, the more positive the judgment of the therapist's Qualifications and Energy. The presence of family pictures had no significant impact on judgments. Results are discussed in terms of recommendations for the counseling environment. 相似文献