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371.
Chiara Boschetto Clelia Gasparini Andrea Pilastro 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):813-821
While both sperm number and quality are now recognized to be important in determining the outcome of sperm competition, very
few studies have experimentally assessed the influence of these two parameters simultaneously. We studied the effect of sperm
quality and number on competitive fertilization success in an internal-fertilizing fish, the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), which is characterized by high levels of sperm competition. We artificially inseminated virgin females with varying proportion
of sperm from two competing males, while holding constant the total number of sperm transferred to the female. Sperm morphology
and sperm swimming velocity were also determined prior to insemination. The paternity outcome of sperm competition trials
was assessed through molecular analyses of the resulting offspring using polymorphic microsatellite loci. We found that both
sperm number and sperm velocity affected the outcome of sperm competition, with males that contributed more and faster sperm
achieving a greater paternity share. 相似文献
372.
Francesco Ferretti Andrea Sforzi Sandro Lovari 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(5):875-887
Interference is expected to occur at feeding areas between species with a similar diet, but few studies have tested this idea
for wild ungulates. We analysed interactions between fallow deer, European roe deer and wild boar, in three sites, in a Mediterranean
area. We expected that interference should be greater between deer than between them and wild boar. We documented the negative
effects of behavioural interference by fallow on foraging behaviour of roe deer, under field conditions. Deer species built
up 90% interference interactions, with fallow always dominant on roe, also through direct aggression. Although roe deer decreased
feeding and increased vigilance levels in proximity (<50 m) of either fallow deer or wild boar, they were displaced significantly
more often by the former than by the latter. Fallow deer were neither displaced nor alarmed by roe and rarely by wild boar.
No deer species displaced wild boar. Interference was significantly greater on solitary roe deer, especially females, in spring
and roe left the feeding ground most often in the smallest site (13 ha). Roe deer avoided areas where the local density of
fallow deer was the highest. During our 4-year-study, roe deer density decreased whereas fallow deer numbers increased. Behavioural
interference may explain how fallow deer outcompete roe deer through spatial exclusion from feeding sites and avoidance of
areas with high densities of the former. Fallow deer evolved in semi-arid, relatively poor habitats of Asia Minor: interspecific
defence of crucial resources could have developed as a beneficial tactic for its survival. 相似文献
373.
Andrea Battistone Gabriele Buttinelli Paolo Bonomo Stefano Fiore Concetta Amato Pietro Mercurio Antonella Cicala Josef Simeoni Adelheid Foppa Maria Triassi Francesca Pennino Lucia Fiore 《Food and environmental virology》2014,6(1):13-22
This study evaluated the presence and seasonal distribution of polio and other enteroviruses in four wastewater treatment plants in three cities in Italy, using different treatment systems. Detection of enteroviruses was carried out by virus isolation in cell cultures after concentration of water samples collected at both inlet and outlet of the treatment plants, following the methods described in the WHO guidelines. Viral serotypes isolated before and after water treatment were compared. Forty-eight non-polio enteroviruses were isolated from 312 samples collected at the inlet of the four wastewater treatment plants, 35 of which were Coxsackievirus type B (72.9 %) and 13 Echovirus (27.1 %). After treatment, 2 CVB3, 1 CVB5, and 1 Echo 6 were isolated. CVB3 and Echo 6 serotypes were also detected in samples collected at the inlet of the TP, in the same month and year. The high rate of detection of infectious enteroviruses in inlet sewage samples (30.1 %) indicates wide diffusion of these viruses in the populations linked to the collectors. The incomplete removal of infectious viruses following sewage treatment highlights possible risks for public health relate to treated waters discharge into the environment. 相似文献
374.
Ilaria Di Bartolo Eleonora Ponterio Andrea Battistone Paolo Bonomo Antonella Cicala Pietro Mercurio Maria Triassi Francesca Pennino Lucia Fiore Franco Maria Ruggeri 《Food and environmental virology》2013,5(4):236-240
Human sapoviruses were identified in 15 (12.4 %) of 121 inlet sewage samples collected from wastewater treatment plants in Naples and Palermo, Italy, in 2011. All strains, except one GI.1, were genotyped as GI.2 by sequencing a capsid gene fragment. This is the first detection of sapovirus in wastewaters in Italy. 相似文献
375.
Anna Doffini Claudio Forcato Chiara Mangano Debora Lattuada Roberta Aversa Chiara Maranta Emilia D. Giovannone Genny Buson Chiara Bolognesi Rebecca Maiocchi Martina Dori Liyana Jamal Raidah B. Ahmad George S. H. Yeo Tai Wai Yeo Silvia Saragozza Rosamaria Silipigni Marta Serafini Andrea Biondi Sofia Perego Patrizia Vergani Enrico Ferrazzi Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli Thomas J. Musci Francesca Romana Grati 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(1):14-27
Objective
To develop a multi-step workflow for the isolation of circulating extravillous trophoblasts (cEVTs) by describing the key steps enabling a semi-automated process, including a proprietary algorithm for fetal cell origin genetic confirmation and copy number variant (CNV) detection.Methods
Determination of the limit of detection (LoD) for submicroscopic CNV was performed by serial experiments with genomic DNA and single cells from Coriell cell line biobank with known imbalances of different sizes. A pregnancy population of 372 women was prospectively enrolled and blindly analyzed to evaluate the current workflow.Results
An LoD of 800 Kb was demonstrated with Coriell cell lines. This level of resolution was confirmed in the clinical cohort with the identification of a pathogenic CNV of 800 Kb, also detected by chromosomal microarray. The mean number of recovered cEVTs was 3.5 cells per sample with a significant reverse linear trend between gestational age and cEVT recovery rate and number of recovered cEVTs. In twin pregnanices, evaluation of zygosity, fetal sex and copy number profiling was performed in each individual cell.Conclusion
Our semi-automated methodology for the isolation and single-cell analysis of cEVTS supports the feasibility of a cell-based noninvasive prenatal test for fetal genomic profiling. 相似文献376.
Paiva Robert Veroneze Isabelly Bertochi Wrona Magdalena Nerín Cristina Cruz Sandra Andrea 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(2):494-503
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Recycling of polymers is one of the alternatives to reduce the impact of polymers presence on the environmental. However, the contaminants, defined as... 相似文献
377.
Andrea A. Roch Christian Wilde Zhenzhong Hu Oleg Nepotchatykh Yevgen Nazarenko Parisa A. Ariya 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(7):41-53
Fossil fuel combustion and many industrial processes generate gaseous emissions that contain a number of toxic organic pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) which contribute to climate change and atmospheric pollution. There is a need for green and sustainable solutions to remove air pollutants, as opposed to conventional techniques which can be expensive, consume additional energy and generate further waste. We developed a novel integrated bioreactor combined with recyclable iron oxide nano/micro-particle adsorption interfaces, to remove CO2, and undesired organic air pollutants using natural particles, while generating oxygen. This semi-continuous bench-scale photo-bioreactor was shown to successfully clean up simulated emission streams of up to 45% CO2 with a conversion rate of approximately 4% CO2 per hour, generating a steady supply of oxygen (6 mmol/hr), while nanoparticles effectively remove several undesired organic by-products. We also showed algal waste of the bioreactor can be used for mercury remediation. We estimated the potential CO2 emissions that could be captured from our new method for three industrial cases in which, coal, oil and natural gas were used. With a 30% carbon capture system, the reduction of CO2 was estimated to decrease by about 420,000, 320,000 and 240,000 metric tonnes, respectively for a typical 500 MW power plant. The cost analysis we conducted showed potential to scale-up, and the entire system is recyclable and sustainable. We further discuss the implications of usage of this complete system, or as individual units, that could provide a hybrid option to existing industrial setups. 相似文献
378.
Latent period, burst time, and burst size, kinetic parameters of phage infection characteristic of a given phage/host system, have been measured for a wide variety of lactic acid bacteria. However, most studies to date were conducted in optimal growth conditions of host bacteria and did not consider variations due to changes in external factors. In this work, we determined the effect of temperature, pH, and starvation on kinetic parameters of phages infecting Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. For kinetics assessment, one-step growth curves were carried out in MRS broth at optimal conditions (control), lower temperature, pH 6.0 and 5.0 (MRS6 and MRS5, respectively), or in medium lacking carbon (MRSN) or nitrogen (MRSC) sources. Phage infection was progressively impaired as environmental conditions were modified from optimal. At lower temperature or pH, infection was delayed, as perceived by longer latent and burst times. Burst size, however, was lower, equal or higher than for controls, but this effect was highly dependent on the particular phage–host system studied. Phage infection was strongly inhibited in MRSC, but only mildly impaired in MRSN. Nevertheless, growth of all the bacterial strains tested was severely compromised by starvation, without significant differences between MRSC and MRSN, indicating that nitrogen compounds are specifically required for a successful phage infection, beyond their influence on bacterial growth. 相似文献
379.
Christiaan Willem Brink Robert Leslie Thomson Arjun Amar Marco Girardello Andrea Santangeli 《Ambio》2021,50(6):1211
The use of poison to eliminate predators is causing African vulture populations to collapse. To understand the prevalence and motivations of this practice we conducted an extensive survey with South African commercial farmers. Using a specialised questioning technique and ad hoc quantitative methods we found that an estimated 22% and 31% of farmers used poison over a 1-year and 5-year period, respectively. Poison use hotspots generally coincided with small stock farming areas. The strongest predictor of poison use was whether farmers believed the practice to be common amongst their peers. Our results suggest that farmers’ attitudes to vultures are primarily positive, and farmers are less likely to use poisons if they frequently encounter vultures on their farm. Overall, our findings provide an understanding on poison use that provides leverage points to change farmers’ behaviour and help avert the African vulture crisis and possible cascading ecosystem impacts.Supplementary informationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01461-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
380.
Visigalli Simone Turolla Andrea Bellandi Giacomo Bellucci Micol Clagnan Elisa Brusetti Lorenzo Jia Mingsheng Di Cosmo Roberto Menin Glauco Bargna Martina Bergna Giovanni Canziani Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(34):46643-46654
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Digital textile printing (DTP) is a game-changer technology that is rapidly expanding worldwide. On the other hand, process wastewater is rich in... 相似文献