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121.
Borhani Faezeh Shafiepour Motlagh Majid Stohl Andreas Rashidi Yousef Ehsani Amir Houshang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(10):3615-3637
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Air pollution and its effects on human health and the environment are one of the main concerns in urban areas. This study focuses on the distribution and... 相似文献
122.
Weise Katrin Kurth Thomas Politowski Irina Winkelmann Carola Schäffer Andreas Kretschmar Susanne Berendonk Thomas Ulrich Jungmann Dirk 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(18):26706-26725
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Although the development and application of nanomaterials is a growing industry, little data is available on the ecotoxicological effects on aquatic... 相似文献
123.
Mario Mitov Georgi Hristov Elitsa Hristova Rashko Rashkov Marina Arnaudova Andreas Zielonka 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(2):167-173
The complex performance of newly synthesized CoNiMnB electrodeposits in base-stabilized sodium borohydride solutions was examined.
The rate of hydrogen generation due to borohydride hydrolysis was determined at different temperatures. Activation energy
of approximately 33 kJ/mol was estimated, which is lower than the values reported for other catalysts. At electrochemical
conditions, there is a competition between borohydride hydrolysis and electrooxidation reactions. The electrooxidation of
borohydride takes place with low overpotentials at relatively high current densities. The long-term discharge at galvanostatic
conditions as well as possibilities for partial storage of generated hydrogen indicates potentials for application of studied
electrodeposits as anode material in direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFC). 相似文献
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Radiation fog is an important modifier of atmosphericcompounds in the planetary boundary layer. In vegetated areas effects are especially pronounced due to the enlarged surface area. Besides affectingthe lower boundary of atmospheric models fog acts as amulti-phase reaction chamber leading to acid deposition. Here we present the 1-dimensional radiation fog modelCHEMIFOG_V to simulate regional radiation fogevents. The key feature of the fog model is thedetailed microphysics, where the aerosol/dropletspectrum is describedwith a joint 2-dimensional distribution, but also thedynamics, thermodynamics, and radiative transfer are calculated. Toinvestigate the interaction between fog and the biosphere amulti-layer vegetation module, including a soil module as well as a drydeposition module were coupled. Vegetation influences thedynamics, thermodynamics, and the radiation field of the lowestatmospheric layers. With CHEMIFOG_V, numerical case studieson dry and moist deposition processes on vegetation surfaces wereperformed. Hereby multi-phase chemistry and the processing of aerosolswere considered. The results show that the chemical composition of thedeposited fog droplets is mainly determined by the aerosol composition. Dry deposition fluxes are dependent on the incoming radiation and the leaves' surface conditions with respect to water coverage.Due to chemical aerosol processing and deposition, the aerosol spectrumis significantly modified in the planetary boundary layer. 相似文献
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Only recently, studies of forest succession have started to include the effects of browsing by wild or domestic ungulates. We aim to contribute to this topic by analysing the influence of goat grazing on the long-term coexistence of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) in the low-elevation forests of an inner-Alpine dry valley. The forest gap model ForClim was first adapted to these site conditions by examining the site-dependent sensitivity of the model with regard to the species-specific parameterisation of the drought tolerance as well as the light demand of establishing and adult trees. In a second step, the behaviour of the model was investigated with respect to different grazing intensities and species-specific browsing susceptibilities. The last step was the application of a grazing scenario based on forest history, with 150 years of heavy browsing (by goats) at the beginning of the simulated forest succession, followed by less intensive grazing pressure. 相似文献
130.
Andreas C. Scheinost Regina Kirsch Dipanjan Banerjee Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez Harald Zaenker Harald Funke Laurent Charlet 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2008,102(3-4):228
The long-lived radionuclide 79Se is one of the elements of concern for the safe storage of high-level nuclear waste, since clay minerals in engineered barriers and natural aquifer sediments strongly adsorb cationic species, but to lesser extent anions like selenate (SeVIO42−) and selenite (SeIVO32−). Previous investigations have demonstrated, however, that SeIV and SeVI are reduced by surface-associated FeII, thereby forming insoluble Se0 and Fe selenides. Here we show that the mixed FeII/III (hydr)oxides green rust and magnetite, and the FeII sulfide mackinawite reduce selenite rapidly (< 1 day) to FeSe, while the slightly slower reduction by the FeII carbonate siderite produces elemental Se. In the case of mackinawite, both S−II and FeII surface atoms are oxidized at a ratio of one to four by producing a defective mackinawite surface. Comparison of these spectroscopic results with thermodynamic equilibrium modeling provides evidence that the nature of reduction end product in these FeII systems is controlled by the concentration of HSe−; Se0 forms only at lower HSe− concentrations related to slower HSeO3− reduction kinetics. Even under thermodynamically unstable conditions, the initially formed Se solid phases may remain stable for longer periods since their low solubility prevents the dissolution required for a phase transformation into more stable solids. The reduction by Fe2+-montmorillonite is generally much slower and restricted to a pH range, where selenite is adsorbed (pH < 7), stressing the importance of a heterogeneous, surface-enhanced electron transfer reaction. Although the solids precipitated by the redox reaction are nanocrystalline, their solubility remains below 6.3 × 10− 8 M. No evidence for aqueous metal selenide colloids nor for Se sorption to colloidal phases was found. Since FeII phases like the ones investigated here should be ubiquitous in the near field of nuclear waste disposals as well as in the surrounding aquifers, mobility of the fission product 79Se may be much lower than previously assumed. 相似文献